Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences & Research

Effects of Kinesthetic Imagery, Active and Combined Exercises on the Electromyographic Pattern of Hip Hyperextension and Tests of Relation with Lumbar Hyperlordosis

maryam ghorbani; Mohammed Husain Alizadeh; Mehdi Shahbazi; Hooman Minoonejad

Volume 8, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 1-11

Abstract

  Abstract: Background: Mental exercise uses the same neuronal pathways involved in physical exercise to modify the pattern and function without the stress caused by physical exercise. ...  Read More Abstract: Background: Mental exercise uses the same neuronal pathways involved in physical exercise to modify the pattern and function without the stress caused by physical exercise. This study investigated the effects of the three methods of kinesthetic imagery, active, and combined exercise (imagery and active) on the pattern of hip hyperextension and the strength of selected muscle of lumbo-pelvic in women with lumbar hyperlordosis. Method: In this semi-experimental study, 36 women with lumbar hyperlordosis (age: 34.47±3.79, height: 160.48±12.63, weight: 64.46±18.26) were sorted into three groups. The groups practiced three sessions per week for six weeks. The degree of lumbar lordosis using flexible ruler, electromyographic activity of the lumbo-pelvic muscles during hip hyperextension in the prone position using surface electromyogram, the strength of the gluteus maximus during hip hyperextention using dynamometer, the strength of abdominal muscles during lowering two legs test using goniometer, flexibility of hip flexor muscles during the Thomas test using goniometer, and flexibility of erector spine muscles during the Schober test using a meter were measured before and after the intervention. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used for normality of data, and the repeated measures variance test was used for the statistical analysis of data at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the three methods of kinesthetic imagery, active and combined (p -value = 0.001). There was a significant difference between the method of imagery exercise and the methods of active and combined exercise, but no significant difference was observed between the methods of active and combined exercise. Conclusion: Imagery exercises were effective in modifying the electromyographic activity of some lumbo-pelvic muscles (gluteus maximus and rectus femoris muscles); however, they did not have a significant effect on the strength, flexibility, or degree of lumbar lordosis. Combined exercise was as effective as active exercise in modifying the electromyographic activity of the lumbo-pelvic muscles, the strength of the abdominal and gluteus maximus muscles, and the flexibility of erector spine and hip flexor muscles.

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Effects of Exercise Training Programs on Postural Control and Dynamic Balance in Individuals with Flat Feet and Cavus Feet: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Parisa Sedaghti; Mohammad Adib Chamachaei; Hamed Zarei

Volume 10, Issue 1 , March 2023, , Pages 1-8

Abstract

  Background: Considering the high prevalence of flat feet and cavus feet abnormalities among people and the adverse effects resulting from these complications on both balance and function, ...  Read More Background: Considering the high prevalence of flat feet and cavus feet abnormalities among people and the adverse effects resulting from these complications on both balance and function, a systematic review on the effectsof various exercise programs on postural control and dynamic balance of these individuals seems to be essential. Thus, the current systematic review and metaanalysis examined the effects of exercise training programs on postural control and dynamic balance among individuals with flat feet and cavus feet.Methods: Relevant articles were identified through searches across the eight databases of PubMed, SCOPUS, LILACS, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Web of Science,PEDro, and Google Scholar. The search period ranged from the beginning ofavailable date to November 2021. Manual searches and a complete investigation of the references of papers were also performed.Results: The current systematic review and meta-analysis included 13 studies.Meta-analysis results indicated that the exercise programs had a significant effect on posture control (P=0.001) and dynamic balance (P=0.001) among individuals with flat feet and cavus feet. The effect size of Hedges’s g of the exercise programs on postural control was 1.81 with a confidence interval of 95% (1.40-2.22). The effect size of Hedges’s g of the exercise programs on dynamic balance was 1.32 with a 95% confidence interval (0.98-1.67).Conclusion: The present systematic review found that exercise programs had a significant effect on the postural control and dynamic balance of individuals with flat feet and cavus feet abnormalities. Study results have revealed that to better correct abnormalities and thus further improve postural control and dynamic balance, the period of exercise program should be increased. Moreover, exercise programs should also focus on greater involvement ofneuromuscular systems and direct effects on the central nervous system so that a greater effect on improving postural control and dynamic balance can be observed.

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Investigating the Effect of Warming up on Knee Position Sense:A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review

parisa sayyadi; Hooman Minoonejad; Foad Seidi; Rahman Sheikhhoseini; ramin arghadeh

Volume 11, Issue 1 , March 2024, , Pages 1-10

Abstract

   Introduction: This systematic review and meta-analysis study aims to investigate the effect of warming up on knee position sense. Methods: The keywords of this systematic review ...  Read More  Introduction: This systematic review and meta-analysis study aims to investigate the effect of warming up on knee position sense. Methods: The keywords of this systematic review and meta-analysis study were searched on December 1 by two authors in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The Downs and Black checklist checked the quality of articles. Statistical analysis was performed using CMA software. The I-square statistic was used to examine the data heterogeneity and estimate the percentage of heterogeneity. Besides, the Funnel Plot method was used for assessing the risk of bias in articles, and the trim-and-fill method was used in case of observation of possible bias. Results: Out of 5,133 studies found in selected databases, 31 were selected after reviewing the title and abstract, and seven articles were included in the study after reviewing the full text. The results indicated that warming up has a significant effect on reducing the active absolute angular error (P<0.05) and increasing the active relative angular error (P<0.05) but has no significant effect on the passive absolute angular error (P>0.05). Discussion: Warming can reduce absolute and relative angular error. Therefore, it has a significant effect on improving proprioception.    

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Hearing Loss in Patients with Covid-19: A Narrative Review

Shaghayegh Omidvar; Afsaneh Doosti; Zahra Jeddi; Zeinab Moradi Ganjeh

Volume 10, Issue 1 , March 2023, , Pages 9-15

Abstract

  Background: Although the most common symptoms of Covid-19 are otolaryngological symptoms, including cough, sore throat, shortness of breath, and loss of sense of smell and taste, there ...  Read More Background: Although the most common symptoms of Covid-19 are otolaryngological symptoms, including cough, sore throat, shortness of breath, and loss of sense of smell and taste, there are reports of autological and audiological manifestations of the disease such as hearing loss, tinnitus, dizziness and, etc. The present study aims to review existing studies on the occurrence of hearing loss, its types, and possible causes in Covid-19 patients.Results: Studies have shown that the likelihood of conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and sudden deafness increases following Covid-19 infection. Upper respiratory tract infection, followed by acute otitis media, can significantly cause conductive hearing loss in Covid-19 people. Studies have reported various reasons for sensorineural hearing loss and sudden deafness. It contains direct viral damage to peripheral organs, vascular disorders, and the use of ototoxic drugs.Conclusion: Because persistent hearing loss has devastating effects on quality of life, early detection and early intervention are essential. According to the available reports, hearing loss can be one of the complications of Covid-19 infection. Still, due to the lack of sufficient evidence and heterogeneity among studies, this hypothesis has not been proven yet. Therefore, longitudinal studies on a more significant number of patients using appropriate assessment instruments are recommended.    

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Examining the Effects of Corrective Exercise on Balance and Performance in Female Volleyball Players with Dynamic Knee Valgus Deformity

Ebrahim Mohammad Ali Nasab Firouzjah; Rogayeh Imani

Volume 11, Issue 1 , March 2024, , Pages 11-17

Abstract

  Background: This study aimed to assess the impact of a corrective exercise program on the balance and performance of female volleyball players with knee dynamic valgus defects. Methods: ...  Read More Background: This study aimed to assess the impact of a corrective exercise program on the balance and performance of female volleyball players with knee dynamic valgus defects. Methods: This study employed a semi-experimental design in the field of sports. the study's target population comprised female volleyball players in East Azarbaijan with knee dynamic valgus defects. From this population, 30 subjects were selected and randomly divided into control and experiment groups, following the completion of personal profiles and screening for knee dynamic valgus defects using a squat test. The study measured static and dynamic balance through the Balance Error Score System (BESS) and Y balance tests for lower limb assessment and upper extremity function through the Y functional test for upper extremities in both groups. The experimental group underwent a 10-session program of corrective exercises, while the control group continued with their regular volleyball exercises. After the training period, both groups underwent a post-test. The data's normality was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test. The effect of the corrective exercise program on the research's dependent variables was analyzed through covariance analysis and dependent t-tests, with a confidence level set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: The results showed a positive impact of corrective exercises on static and dynamic balance (P = 0.001) and upper extremity function (P = 0.001) in volleyball players with dynamic knee valgus defects. Conclusion: The study results demonstrate that the corrective exercise program, following the National Academy of Sports Medicine approach, significantly reduces knee dynamic valgus, improves balance, and enhances upper extremity function in young female volleyball players.  

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Comparative effects of six-minute treadmill walk and six-minute treadmill walk-talk test on the cardiopulmonary parameters of healthy individuals

Chidozie Emmanuel Mbada; Oladayo Jide Adeagbo; Jibril Mohammed; Bashir Kaka; Aisha Shittu; Farida Garba Sumaila; Adewale Isaiah Oyewole; Moses Makinde

Volume 8, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 12-18

Abstract

  Objective: To compare the effect of Six-Minute Treadmill Walk Test (6MTWT) and Six-Minute Treadmill Walk-Talk Test (6MTWTT) on cardiopulmonary parameters. Methods: A total of 35 Nigerian ...  Read More Objective: To compare the effect of Six-Minute Treadmill Walk Test (6MTWT) and Six-Minute Treadmill Walk-Talk Test (6MTWTT) on cardiopulmonary parameters. Methods: A total of 35 Nigerian undergraduate students with stable cardiopulmonary parameters at baseline were recruited into this pre-test – post-test experimental study using convenient sampling. The participants performed a 6MTWT and 6MTWTT (after two hours interval between tests) on a powered treadmill using standard protocol. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP), heart rate (HR), rate pressure product (RPP), metabolic equivalents (METs), saturated partial pressure of oxygen (SPO2) and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE)were measured.   Results: The results showed that both the 6MTWT and 6MTWTT lead to significant increases in the values of SBP, HR, METs, RPE and RPP (p <0.05), except for DBP where the change was not significant (p>0.05). Comparatively,  post walk tests results revealed there was significantly higher RPE and SPO2 scores with 6MTWT compared to 6MTWTT (p <0.05), while other parameters were comparable (p <0.05). Furthermore, SBP, PR and RPP of both tests correlated moderately with each other (p <0.05). Conclusion: 6MTWT and 6MTWTT, similarly evoke cardiopulmonary changes among apparently healthy young individuals. However, 6MTWTT led to less oxygen consumption and myocardial oxygen demand compared with 6MTWT. This finding may be potentially beneficial for future cardiopulmonary exercise testing using 6MWT.  

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Beneficial Psychological and Muscular Effects of Resistance Exercise in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Marzieh Saeidi; Roya Ravanbod; Mohammad Hossein Pourgharib-Shahi; Hosein Navid; Babak Goosheh; Abdolvahab Baradaran; Giti Torkaman

Volume 10, Issue 1 , March 2023, , Pages 16-24

Abstract

  Background: Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) are characterized by debilitating muscle weakness, the inability to move, and resultant psychological disadvantages. The current ...  Read More Background: Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) are characterized by debilitating muscle weakness, the inability to move, and resultant psychological disadvantages. The current study investigated the acute effects of resistanceexercise (RE) and their impact on psychological health and peak muscle contraction (PMC) in patients with CHF.Methods: This randomized controlled trial was performed between October 2019 and December 2020. Fifty-seven patients with CHF (NYHA Class II, III) underwent initial assessments of the 6-minute walking test (6MWT),psychological response to exercise, and PMC. They were randomly divided into three groups, namely R1, R2, and the control group. The intervention consisted of a short aerobic exercise comprising 15 minutes of walking at an intensity of 50%-reserved heart rate for all three groups and an additional RE with the intensity of 50%-1RM and 75%-1RM for groups R1 and R2, respectively.Results: No significant difference among the groups were observed in 6MWT,peak muscle contraction, and psychological response to exercise after the intervention (P≥0.05). PMC and psychological response to exercise improved significantly in all groups; however, only group R2 showed a significant increase in 6MWT after the intervention. Positive well-being (PWB) had a positive correlation with peak muscle contraction of the left knee extensors and dorsiflexors, and psychological dystress (PD) and FAT were negatively correlated to walking distance and PMC of the left knee extensors and dorsiflexors.Conclusions: Performing just one session of exercise had significant beneficial impacts on PMC and psychological response in patients with CHF, regardless of exercise type or RE intensity. However, walking distance (6MWT) increasedsignificantly in the R2 group (75% of 1-RM), indicating that performing higher resistance exercise is safe and leads to functional advantages in CHF patients.There was a positive relationship between PWB and 1RM and a negativerelationship between both psychological distress (PD) and fatigue and 1RM.

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Assessing Life Balance During the Early Phase of COVID-19 Physical Isolation in Iranian Society

Sepideh Nazi; Somayeh Kavousipor; saeedeh Pourahmad; Farzaneh Yazdani; Mehdi Rezaee; Sahar Ghanbari

Volume 11, Issue 1 , March 2024, , Pages 18-24

Abstract

  Background: This study explored the concept of ‘life balance’ during physical isolation due to COVID-19 in Iran in 2020. Methods: In a cross-sectional design, 403 participants ...  Read More Background: This study explored the concept of ‘life balance’ during physical isolation due to COVID-19 in Iran in 2020. Methods: In a cross-sectional design, 403 participants completed the internet-based "Life Balance Inventory (LBI)”, which includes five subscales: health, relationship, identity, challenging/interesting activity, and daily activities. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21, and a significant level of less than 0.05 was considered. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and one-way ANOVA were utilized in the analysis. Results: The total mean score of LBI was 1.51+_0.38(unbalanced). The scores were distributed among the participants as follows: 52.6%  of participants scored between 0.6 and 1.5 (very unbalanced);  37.7% of participants scored between 1 and 1.5 (unbalanced); 8% of participants scored between 2 and 2.5 (moderately balanced); and finally, 1.7% of participants scored between 2.5 and 3 ( very balanced). Significant relationships were found between LBI and gender (P=0.001), chronic comorbidity (P-value =0.029), and Job (P-value=0.044). The health subscale showed no statistical difference according to the demographic factors. Males demonstrated more life balance in their daily activities, including driving and social transportation (p=0/001). Married participants and those older than 40 exhibited more balance in the relationship subscale (p-value=0/001). Teachers and faculty members showed more balance in identity (p=0.014) and relationship (p=0.001). Higher-income participants revealed more life balance in the challenge/interesting subscale (p=0.033). Conclusion: The results suggested that participants experienced an unbalanced lifestyle during the early phase of COVID-19 isolation.  

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The Effect of Increasing Cognitive Load of Rhythmic Games on Theory of Mind in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder

Mehrnoosh Mehdinejad; Zohreh Meshkati; rokhsareh badami

Volume 8, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 19-24

Abstract

  Background : The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of increasing cognitive load of rhythmic games on theory of mind in children with developmental coordination ...  Read More Background : The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of increasing cognitive load of rhythmic games on theory of mind in children with developmental coordination disorder. Method: This is a quasi-experimental research. Participants in this study were 25 children (9 boys and 16 girls) aged 8 to 10 years old who were screened based on Parental Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCD- Q07) and confirmed for their impairment using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC) Test. All participants underwent Raven's test in the same condition and students with normal intelligence entered the study. Participants were matched in two groups of experimental (n = 13) and control (n = 12). The experimental group performed rhythmic games with cognitive load for 8 weeks and 2 sessions of 45 minutes per week, but the control group received only rhythmic games intervention. Participants were assessed before and after the intervention by Steerneman theory of mind test. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate and multivariate covariance tests. Results: The results indicated that rhythmic games with cognitive load developed the theory of mind in children with developmental coordination disorder (P=0.01). Conclusion: Since cognitive load rhythmic games have a positive effect on the theory of mind in children with developmental coordination disorder, it is recommended that these exercises be included in the daily activities of these children.  

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Relationship between Kinesiophobia and Vertical Ground Reaction Force in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructed and Deficient Patients during Landing Task

Komeil Dashti Rostami; Mahdi Nabavinik; Eynollah Naderi

Volume 8, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 25-30

Abstract

  Background: The effect of kinesiophobia (fear of movement) following an anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL) has recently received great attention. However, the relationship between ...  Read More Background: The effect of kinesiophobia (fear of movement) following an anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL) has recently received great attention. However, the relationship between kinesiophobia and peak vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) in ACL reconstructed (ACLR) and deficient (ACLD) individuals has not been investigated. Methods: Forty male patients (20 ACLR and 20 ACLD), 24 months post-ACL injury, who had completed post-injury/operative rehabilitation, participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed a drop vertical landing task on force plate while the VGRF was recorded. Participants also completed the TSK-11 (kinesiophobia) questionnaire. Results: Associations between peak VGRF and the TSK scale were made with Pearson correlation coefficients; significant relationships were defined as p ≤0.05. The average peak VGRF was 2.67 ± 0.28 and 2.68 ± 0.17 (mean±SD) %bodyweight and the TSK value was 33.45 ± 4.6 and 31.60 ± 3.40 (mean±SD) for ACLD and ACLR groups, respectively. There was a significant negative association between poorer responses on the TSK scale and peak VGRF in the ACLD group (r=-0.58, p=0.007) but not in the ACLR group (r=-0.31, p=0.17). Conclusion: This study found greater kinesiophobia to be associated with a lower peak VGRF in the ACLD group during the landing task. It seems that ACLD individuals unload their injured limb because of fear of movement. These results suggest that in ACLD individuals with high kinesiophobia, cognitive training should be incorporated into their rehabilitation program to improve landing mechanics. Future studies are needed to assess whether these relationships play a role in developing osteoarthritis over time

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The Effect of Mulligan Mobilization Technique on Static and Dynamic Balance in Patients with Moderate to Severe Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Javid Mostamand; Maryam Adeli; Hosseinali Ahmadi; Akbar Hassanzadeh

Volume 10, Issue 1 , March 2023, , Pages 25-30

Abstract

  Background: Knee osteoarthritis is the most degenerative joint disease and can consequently cause a defect in balance control. Controlling balance is necessary to prevent physical and ...  Read More Background: Knee osteoarthritis is the most degenerative joint disease and can consequently cause a defect in balance control. Controlling balance is necessary to prevent physical and psychological damage. The current study investigated the effects of the Mulligan mobilization technique on static and dynamic balances in patients with moderate to severe knee osteoarthritis. Methods: In a randomized controlled clinical trial, 31 patients with moderate to severe knee osteoarthritis were selected and then randomly assigned to two groups of treatment (16 patients) and control (15 patients). Static and dynamic balances and pain score were evaluated in these patients once before and once after 10 sessions of treatment. Independent and paired t-tests were used for statistical analysis. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Pain decreased significantly in both groups after intervention (p<0.001). The treatment group experienced significantly greater reduction in pain than the control group (p=0.005). A significant improvement was found in both static (p=0.01) and dynamic (p=0.006) balance in the treatment group after the intervention. Additionally, the improvement in static (p=0.04) and dynamic (p=0.02) balance was greater in the treatment group compared to the control group. Conclusions: The results of the present study reveal that Mulligan mobilization technique can improve balance in patients with moderate and severe knee osteoarthritis.  

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Comparing Lower Limb Kinematics in Healthy Individuals: Walking on Real Sloped Surfaces vs. Level Walking

Zahra Masoumpour; Aliyeh daryabor; Abbas Rahimi; Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban

Volume 11, Issue 1 , March 2024, , Pages 25-30

Abstract

  Background: This study aimed to investigate kinematic parameters of lower limb joints during gait on inclined surfaces compared to level ground. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, ...  Read More Background: This study aimed to investigate kinematic parameters of lower limb joints during gait on inclined surfaces compared to level ground. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 15 healthy individuals walked at their self-selected speed on level ground with a zero slope and on two inclined surfaces. These surfaces were constructed to mimic real environments with slopes of +8 (uphill) and -8 (downhill) along an eight-meter distance. The measured variables included the angles of the ankle, knee, and hip joints sagittal plane during different phases of gait, captured through a three-dimensional motion capture system. Results: Significant differences were observed in uphill walking compared to level-ground walking, including an increase in ankle, hip, and knee angles at initial contact, maximum ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion, maximum knee flexion in the stance phase, and maximum knee extension in the swing phase. There was also a reduction in the maximum extension of the hip joint (P<0.05). In downhill walking compared to level ground, significant differences were observed in the increase of ankle and knee angles at initial contact, maximum ankle dorsiflexion, maximum knee flexion in both stance and swing phases, and a decrease in the maximum angle of hip extension. However, no significant difference was observed in the hip joint angle at initial contact maximum ankle plantarflexion, maximum knee extension in swing phase between level and downhill surfaces and at maximum knee flexion in swing phase between uphill and level surfaces (P>0.05). Conclusion: Walking on inclined surfaces influences the flexion and extension angles of lower limb joints during different phases of gait, necessitating increased joint movement. These alterations are more pronounced during uphill walking than downhill, especially at the initial contact point.  

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Comparison of sensory processing between children with hearing aid and their normal peers in Shiraz City (2019)

Sahar Ghanbari; Ali Reza Jamali

Volume 8, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 31-35

Abstract

  Background:  Sensory processing is an important factor in development and affects the function of the senses in daily living activities. Hearing impairment may lead to some difficulties ...  Read More Background:  Sensory processing is an important factor in development and affects the function of the senses in daily living activities. Hearing impairment may lead to some difficulties in sensory processing in children with hearing impairment. Objectives:  In this cross-sectional study, the sensory processing of children with hearing impairment and that of their normal hearing peers who were between 3 to 6 years old were compared. Methods: The study population consisted of 60 normal-hearing and hearing-impaired children with hearing aids in Shiraz who were between 3 and 6 years of age. Dunn’s Short Sensory Profile was utilized in both groups. The results were statistically analyzed by SPSS 21, and a p-level of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Independent t-test results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in total sensory processing (p -value = 0.097), touch sensitivity (p -value = 0.043), olfactory and taste sensitivity (p -value = 0.259), movement sensitivity (p -value = 0.079), sensory seeking (p -value = 0.229), hearing processing (p-value = 0.390), low energy and weakness (p-value = 0.916), or hearing and vision sensitivity (p -value = 0.429). The total mean score was 15.28 ± 4.8 for children with hearing aids and 15.28 ± 4.6 for normal-hearing children. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the impact of hearing impairment on sensory processing is unperceivable and needs to be addressed through more research However, it does seem that hearing impairment may affect one area of sensory processing.

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Effectiveness of Parent Training Compared with Life Skills Training on the Mental Health of Mothers of Children with Hearing Loss: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Sara Dehbozrgi; Somaye Yazdani; Mohammad Majid Oryadi-Zanjani; Maryam Vahab; Mohamad Nikandish

Volume 10, Issue 1 , March 2023, , Pages 31-37

Abstract

  Background: Hearing loss is one of the most common sensory disorders.The consequences of hearing loss in children and its effect on the mothers of affected children on the one hand ...  Read More Background: Hearing loss is one of the most common sensory disorders.The consequences of hearing loss in children and its effect on the mothers of affected children on the one hand and the emphasis of previous research onthe effectiveness of educational interventions along with the lack of comparative studies on the other hand prompted us to conduct this research. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of parenting education and life skills training on the mental health of mothers with hearing-impaired children in the Covid-19 crisis and quarantine virtually.Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial. The research sample consisting of 46 mothers who have children with hearing loss were divided into two groups: a positive parenting training group and a group that was trained ina life skills program. The workshops of both groups were accomplished online due to the limitations caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. Data collection tools were three questionnaires of parenting, life skills, and general health that werecompleted in both pre-test and post-test stages. For data analysis, SPSS software version 26 was used.Results: The results indicate that parenting education significantly reduced anxiety and depression in mothers with children with hearing impairment.Conclusion: This research showed that parenting education increases the quality of life of mothers with children with hearing impairment and confirmed the positive effects of such education.IRCT Registration Number: IRCT20201014049023N1

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The Comparison of Musculoskeletal Variables in Females With and Without Functional Abdominal Bloating: A Protocol Study

Rezvan Ghomash Baf Zadeh; tayebeh roghani; Mostafa Raisi; Ibrahim Abdollahpour; Fateme Bokaee; Najimeh Tarkesh Isfahani; Seyed Mohsen Mirbod; Motahar Heidari-beni; Peyman Adibi

Volume 11, Issue 1 , March 2024, , Pages 31-35

Abstract

  Background: Functional abdominal bloating (FAB) is a subjective sensation of increased abdominal pressure. Musculoskeletal factors may be related to functional abdominal bloating, but ...  Read More Background: Functional abdominal bloating (FAB) is a subjective sensation of increased abdominal pressure. Musculoskeletal factors may be related to functional abdominal bloating, but this association has not been investigated. The present study compares trunk-related musculoskeletal factors (spinal alignment and abdominal muscle function) in females with and without FAB. Methods: This is a protocol study of a case-control study that will be conducted in females with (n=45) and without FAB (n=45), aged 18-60 years. A specially designed load cell setup and a flexicurve ruler will be used for the measurements of static abdominal muscle force and endurance, thoracic kyphosis, and lumbar lordosis, respectively. Additionally, skeletal muscle mass will be measured using body composition analysis. Depending on data distribution, an independent t-test or Mann-Whitney test will be used to determine differences in variables between the two groups. A multiple logistic regression will be used to investigate the adjusted associations of the trunk-related musculoskeletal variables and associations of the trunk-related musculoskeletal variables with functional abdominal bloating.  

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Convergent Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of the Bay Area Functional Performance Evaluation-Task-Oriented Assessment in People with Severe Psychiatric Disorders

ali rashidian; ashraf karbalaei-nouri; Hojjat Allah Haghgoo; samaneh Hosseinzadeh

Volume 8, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 36-39

Abstract

  Background: Functional performance plays an important role in the independence and participation of people with severe psychiatric disorders. The Bay Area Functional Performance Evaluation-Task-Oriented ...  Read More Background: Functional performance plays an important role in the independence and participation of people with severe psychiatric disorders. The Bay Area Functional Performance Evaluation-Task-Oriented Assessment (BaFPE-TOA) is a tool that evaluates functional performance. The present study aimed to assess the convergent validity and inter-rater reliability of the BaFPE-TOA tool using the classic test theory. Methods: In this psychometric study, the population comprised people with severe psychiatric disorders. Participants were selected according to the inclusion criteria and convenience sampling. Consent to participate in the study was given by all participants. To examine the convergent validity, two tests, the BaFPE-TOA test and Kohlman Evaluation of Living Skills (KELS) test, were performed for 55 patients. To assess the inter-rater reliability, two examiners (occupational therapists) performed the BaFPE-TOA test for 26 patients simultaneously. Then, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine convergent validity, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was used to assess inter-rater reliability. Results: Participants in this study comprised 44 men (81.8%) and 10 women (18.2%). The age of participants ranged from 22 to 69 years with a mean of 41.5 years (SD = 10.5). The Pearson correlation coefficient between the BaFPE-TOA and the KELS was good (r=0.74, p -value <.001). The Intraclass correlation coefficient and Pearson correlation coefficient between the two examiners showed a good relation (r= 0.75, p -value <0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that the Persian version of the BaFPE-TOA has acceptable convergent validity with KELS and inter-rater reliability that represents the suitability of this tool for use in the healthcare environment.

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Comparing the Effects of Tele-Physical therapy and Supervised Physical Therapy on Pain, Range of Motion, Function, and Satisfaction in Patients with Sub Acromial Pain Syndrome: A Protocol of Randomized Clinical Trial

Fatemeh Ehteshami; Nastaran Ghotbi; Khadijeh Otadi

Volume 11, Issue 1 , March 2024, , Pages 36-42

Abstract

  Background: Subacromial Pain Syndrome (SAPS) is one of the most common causes of shoulder pain, leading to long-lasting disability if left untreated or if there is no access to a rehabilitation ...  Read More Background: Subacromial Pain Syndrome (SAPS) is one of the most common causes of shoulder pain, leading to long-lasting disability if left untreated or if there is no access to a rehabilitation center. Treating musculoskeletal shoulder pain is challenging; however, evidence suggests that a combination of Exercise Therapy (ET) and Manual Therapy (MT) can be an effective approach for addressing shoulder dysfunctions. To ensure timely treatment and prevent the pain from becoming chronic, tele-physical therapy appears to be an effective method for properly delivering ET and MT Methods: A prospective, assessor-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial study protocol include 33 patients with Subacromial Pain Syndrome (SAPS). These patients will be divided into three groups (11 participants in each group): the Control group (supervised Exercise Therapy (ET) + Manual Therapy (MT)), the Videoconferencing group (ET + self-release therapy), and the Video-based group (ET + self-release therapy). Self-release therapies include self-joint mobilization and self-myofascial release with a tennis ball. MT includes joint mobilization techniques and transverse friction massages. ET consists of stretching and strengthening exercises. Each patient in the three groups will receive 10 sessions of ET and MT over three weeks. Assessments will be conducted three times: at baseline, midterm, and post-treatment. The Visual Analogue Scale, function by the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, and Range of Motion will measure pain. The Telehealth Satisfaction Scale and Physical Therapy Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire will also be assessed. Results: Repeated measures ANOVA will be used for analysis of data after data gathering Conclusion:This trial will focus on the assessment of tele-physical therapy based on ET and myofascial release, in comparison to a face-to-face approach with supervised ET and MT, on pain, function, Range of Motion, and patient satisfaction.      

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Do Undergraduate Physiotherapy Students Believe Back Pain Myths?A Cross-sectional Survey

Ammar Suhail; Sarah Quais

Volume 10, Issue 1 , March 2023, , Pages 38-43

Abstract

  Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a global public health issue. Physiotherapy is one of the most imperative conservative approaches for LBP patients. Beliefs of physiotherapists are ...  Read More Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a global public health issue. Physiotherapy is one of the most imperative conservative approaches for LBP patients. Beliefs of physiotherapists are seen to have a significant impact on treatment choices;however, beliefs that are not based on current evidence may lead to erroneous clinical decision-making. The present study explored the beliefs of physiotherapy students about low back pain.Methods: This cross-sectional study was designed to detect the presence of myths among Indian undergraduate physiotherapy students using a predesigned survey outlining the “myths of back pain.” Bachelor of Physiotherapy studentsfrom different academic years of various colleges across India’s north zone participated in the study. Survey questions were designed to identify the myths related to disease pathophysiology, treatment, and diagnostic tools. Results: A total of 265 physiotherapy students participated in the study. Among the participants, 31.7% were males, and 61.3% were females. The data revealed that most physiotherapy students hold incorrect beliefs, with major myths being (1) LBP is caused by poor posture when sitting, standing, and lifting; (2) LBP will become persistent and deteriorate in later life; and (3) LBP is caused by weak core muscles, and having a strong core protects against future LBP. There were some differences in a few myths based on academic years.Conclusion: Physiotherapy students have wrong beliefs associated with LBP. Educational programs should work towards developing courses that dispel these erroneous “beliefs.”

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Effects of Rhythmic Exercise Variability on Auditory Memory and Visual Attention of Adolescents with Diplegia Cerebral Palsy

Zahra Kiani Ejgerdi; Zohreh Meshkati; rokhsareh badami

Volume 8, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 40-45

Abstract

  Background: This study has been conducted aimed to investigate effects of rhythmic exercise variability on auditory memory and visual attention of adolescents with diplegia cerebral ...  Read More Background: This study has been conducted aimed to investigate effects of rhythmic exercise variability on auditory memory and visual attention of adolescents with diplegia cerebral palsy. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental intervention with an applied purpose, as a single-subject study with multiple baselines design across different subjects during a 1-month follow-up period. Three exceptional 14- to 16-year-old students of Taha Physical Motor Complex in Isfahan were purposefully selected according to the inclusion criteria. The research tools included Wechsler auditory memory and Toulouse-Pieron visual attention tests. The participants were trained in 16 sessions of 30 min of researcher-made rhythmic exercises in such a way that along with changes in rhythm speed, the speed of the exercises also changed. For data analysis, describing the scores of research variables before and after the intervention, increase in scores, Cohen variability, effect size and linear diagram of scores were used. Results: Evaluations showed that rhythmic exercise had a positive effect on improving auditory memory of all three subjects. Also, visual attention of the first subject had a large increase, visual attention of the second subject had a moderate to high increase, and visual attention of the third subject had a moderate increase. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that variable rhythmic exercise can be used to improve auditory memory and visual attention in adolescents with cerebral palsy.  

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A Comparative Study of Self-Esteem, Quality of Life, Health, and Physical Satisfaction among Active and Inactive Iranian Elite Athletes After Early Retirement Due to Sports Injuries

Shima Babakhanian; Mohammad KarimiZadeh Ardakani; Mohammad Hani Mansori; Homa Naderifar

Volume 11, Issue 1 , March 2024, , Pages 43-49

Abstract

  Background: Most athletes retire young and severe sports injuries can be considered one of the most important reasons for psychological problems in sports retirees. This study aimed ...  Read More Background: Most athletes retire young and severe sports injuries can be considered one of the most important reasons for psychological problems in sports retirees. This study aimed to investigate the impact of early retirement due to sports injuries on the physical condition, quality of life, health, self-esteem, and body-esteem of both active and inactive Iranian elite athletes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on forty elite retired Iranian athletes, primarily from skiing, wrestling, and mountaineering, with an average age of 66.62 ± 4.65 years, height of 166.70 ± 3.66 cm, and weight of 66.15 ± 4.88 kg. The participants were divided into two groups, active (n = 20) and inactive (n = 20), based on their current level of sports activity. The Nordic, SF-36, Rosenberg, and Mendelson questionnaires were utilized to determine musculoskeletal pain, quality of life, self-esteem, and body image. Results: The results indicated that participants in the active group reported a higher quality of life score than those in the inactive group (P = 0.001). Furthermore, the active group scored significantly higher in terms of body image (P = 0.001) and self-esteem (P = 0.001) than the inactive group. Conclusion: Based on the study's results, it is recommended that sports health and psychology experts pay increased attention to the post-exercise period of elite athletes. Furthermore, it is suggested that elite sports retirees continue to engage in light sports activities even after retiring from professional sports.  

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Contrast of Maximum Functional Torque in the Shoulder Joint in Overhead Athletes with and without Sub-acromion Impingement during Sitting Throw

Aboozar Saadatian; Mansour Sahebozamani; Mohammad Taghi Karimi

Volume 10, Issue 1 , March 2023, , Pages 44-48

Abstract

  Background: Throwing movements are repetitive motions in overhead athletes that cause soft tissue adaptations and ultimately lead to shoulder joint damage. The current study purposed ...  Read More Background: Throwing movements are repetitive motions in overhead athletes that cause soft tissue adaptations and ultimately lead to shoulder joint damage. The current study purposed to determine the torque of internal and externalrotation of joint shoulder in overhead athletes with and without impingement syndrome in the ball throwing position.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 63 male overhead athletes (33 with and 30 without shoulder impingement syndrome(. Simulated maximum functional torque was evaluated while the athlete threw a ball into a net from a sitting position. A 6-camera Vicon Motion Capture system incorporated markers on the upper limb and trunk. A kinematic model of the upper limb was used in OpenSim software with inverse dynamics to obtain maximum torque.Results: The internal and external rotation and elevation torques differed significantly in athletes with shoulder impingement syndrome compared to those without impingement syndrome (P<0.001, P=0.012, and P<0.001,respectively), while no significant difference was seen in shoulder depression (P=0.283) between the two groups.Conclusion: The current findings suggest that there may be adaptations to shoulder strength and torque in response to throwing a ball that ultimately cause injury to the shoulder.

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Design and Control of an Active Wrist Orthosis for Rehabilitation

zahra vahabi; Ali Mokhtarian; mohammad taghi karimi; faezeh jahanshah; reza arefi

Volume 8, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 46-50

Abstract

  Background: In this study, an active orthosis has been designed to rehabilitate patients with weak wrist flexor and extensor muscles. Methods: First, the mechanical design of the actuating ...  Read More Background: In this study, an active orthosis has been designed to rehabilitate patients with weak wrist flexor and extensor muscles. Methods: First, the mechanical design of the actuating mechanism with a linear servo motor to provide the desired wrist rotation, is performed in SolidWorks software. Also, to determine the force created by the actuator during flexion and extension of the wrist, the movement of the mechanism is simulated in Visual Nastran software. After molding the patient's wrist, the main body of the orthosis is made by forming the thermoplastic sheets on the mold, and the components of the mechanical part of the mechanism are installed on it.  Then, the hardware part of the electronic circuits to drive the motor and to communicate between the control modules and the actuator is designed. For the programming of microcontrollers and synchronizing of deriver to the joystick, Bascom AVR software is used. The simulation of electrical circuit is performed in Proteus software and the printed board circuit is made in Altium Designer software. Results: The results of applying this orthosis on the wrist of a healthy subject indicate its proper performance in creating an acceptable angle range for the wrist extension and flexion. Conclusion: The use of the designed active wrist orthosis can improve the rehabilitation process of the patients with weakness in their wrist muscles.

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The Relationship between the Upper Extremity Volume and Disability,Thoracic Kyphosis, Shoulder Protraction, and Forward Head Posture in Patients with Upper Extremity Lymphedema Following Total Mastectomy

Sara Abolahrari-Shirazi; Narges Meftahi; Zeinab Zakeri; Donya Jaberolansar; Maryam Taherpour

Volume 10, Issue 1 , March 2023, , Pages 49-54

Abstract

  Background: Upper extremity (UE) lymphedema, which negatively affects patients’ personal and social well-being, is the most common complication after breast cancer treatment. ...  Read More Background: Upper extremity (UE) lymphedema, which negatively affects patients’ personal and social well-being, is the most common complication after breast cancer treatment. Previous studies have demonstrated the adverse effectsof surgical interventions for breast cancer on spinal postures and UE disability;however, no studies have examined the relationships between UE volume and postural changes and between UE volume and UE disability in patients withlymphedema. Furthermore, some spinal postural changes in patients with forward head posture (FHP) remain unassessed in these patients. Therefore, the present study investigated the relationship between the volume of the affected UE with FHP, kyphosis, shoulder protraction, and UE disability in lymphedema patients.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was carried out on 32 women with unilateral UE lymphedema. UE volume and kyphosis were measured by volumetry and a flexible ruler, respectively. Cervical angle was used to assess FHP. To measure shoulder protraction and FHP, data obtained from markers and photography was analyzed in ImageJ software. The disability of the affected UE was assessed by the Persian version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Pearson’s correlation test.Results: Significant positive correlations were observed between UE volume and UE disability as well as kyphosis. Significant negative correlations between UE volume and shoulder as well as cervical angle were also seen. UE disabilityhad a significant negative correlation with shoulder angle but no significant relationship with kyphosis or cervical angle.Conclusion: An increase in the affected UE volume due to lymphedema is related to an increase in UE disability, kyphosis angle, FHP, and shoulder protraction. In addition to treatments for UE volume reduction in lymphedema patients,accurate posture evaluation is also recommended.

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Combined Thermal and Neuromuscular Stimulations for Stroke- Related Dysphagia: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial

Shiva Ebrahimian dehaghani; Atefeh Hoseinzadeh Mofrad; Amir Salahi Ardakani

Volume 11, Issue 1 , March 2024, , Pages 50-57

Abstract

  Background: The incidence of stroke escalates with age in both genders, with nearly 50% and 30% of cases reported in individuals over the ages of 75 and 85 years, respectively. This ...  Read More Background: The incidence of stroke escalates with age in both genders, with nearly 50% and 30% of cases reported in individuals over the ages of 75 and 85 years, respectively. This pilot randomized clinical trial was designed to explore the effects of combined thermal and neuromuscular stimulations on dysphagia improvement. It also aimed to identify the most efficient dysphagia management plan for acute stroke patients. Methods: In this pilot randomized clinical trial study, twelve acute stroke patients were randomly and concurrently allocated into two groups. The control group received routine medical treatment without speech therapy counseling, while the intervention group underwent superficial and deep thermal neuromuscular stimulations. In the intervention group, one patient received treatment for two weeks, three patients for three weeks, and two patients for five weeks (five times a week). Patients in the intervention group were re-evaluated each week after five days of therapy using the Motility Function (MF) and Mann’s Assessment of Swallowing Ability (MASA) tests to monitor consistent improvement. Based on the cutoff point of the MASA test, treatment was either continued or terminated. Accordingly, different follow-up periods were considered for the patients: one received treatment for two weeks, three for three weeks, and two for five weeks. Results: The results indicated a significant difference between the two groups regarding the mean MASA score after a 21-day intervention. The intervention group scored 166.5±3.53, while the control group scored 163±10.02 after 35 days (P=0.03). Furthermore, the intervention group reached the cutoff MASA score in the sixth MASA assessment after a 35-day intervention. Conclusion: According to the protocol proposed by speech-language pathologists, it is recommended to perform stimulations for approximately 21-35 days. Given the significant results obtained from this preliminary study, it is suggested that this protocol be implemented in a larger sample size.            

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Are Tension-type Headaches Associated with Flexible Flat Feet?A Cross-sectional Study

Negar Azhdari; Ali Ghanbari; Marzieh Mohamadi

Volume 10, Issue 1 , March 2023, , Pages 55-60

Abstract

  Background: Several peripheral and central factors are believed to contribute to the pathology of tension type headache (TTH). The current study aimed to identify a connection between ...  Read More Background: Several peripheral and central factors are believed to contribute to the pathology of tension type headache (TTH). The current study aimed to identify a connection between TTH and flat feet.Methods: In this cross-sectional comparative study, a total of 61 people with chronic TTH (13 male and 48 female) and 61 matched controls participated. The frequency of flat feet in the two groups was the primary outcome of this study. The presence of myofascial trigger points in the head and neck areas and the degree of neck disability were also assessed in both groups. Pearson’s chisquare test and logistic regression models were used to determine the relative contribution of demographic and clinical predictive variables to the TTH.Results: The chi-square test showed that frequency of flat feet, uni- or bilateral,was significantly higher (x2=17.5, df=2, P<0.001) in the TTH group compared with the control group. Further analysis revealed that people with flat feet are 4.32 to 5.05 times more likely to develop TTH than people who have normal foot posture. The probability of developing TTH was 7.93 times higher in participants with 4 or more trigger points than in participants with less than 4 trigger points. Similarly, the probability of participants with a Neck Disability Index score of 4 or more developing TTH was 11.96 times higher than those with a score less than 4.Conclusion: The current findings indicate a probable link between the presence of flat feet and chronic TTH.

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