Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences & Research

Original Articles

Client Perspectives of Telerehabilitation in Stuttering during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Survey at a Tertiary Rehabilitation Center in Kerala

Preethy Susan Reni; Vrinda R; Rejitha Kumari L; Suja K Kunnath

Volume 12, Issue 2 , June 2025, Pages 59-65

Abstract

Background: Studies on telerehabilitation in India have primarily addressed the clinicians’ perspective. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the perspectives of clients—specifically ... Read More

Original Articles

The Relationship between Attention and Balance in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Comparative Preliminary Study in Diplegia and Hemiplegia

mahrokh ghahari; Aliyeh Daryabor; mino kalantari; ashkan irani; zahra Shafiee

Volume 12, Issue 2 , June 2025, Pages 66-72

Abstract

Background: Attention and concentration disorders, alongside tone disorders and imbalance, are among the significant challenges faced by children with cerebral palsy (CP). This study ... Read More

Original Articles

Exploring the Psychometric Properties of a Tool to Assess the Talents of Children with Special Needs in Indonesia

Subagya Subagya; Munawir Yusuf; Priyono Priyono; Erma Kumala Sari; Arsy Anggrellanggi

Volume 12, Issue 2 , June 2025, Pages 73-80

Abstract

Background: This study aims to explore the psychometric properties of a tool designed to assess and improve the identification of talents in children with special needs in Indonesia. Method: ... Read More

Original Articles

Comparison of Postural and Functional Indicators in Adolescent Boys with and Without Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain

moein yari bishak; Ebrahim mohammad ali nasab firouzjah; Mehri Mohammadi Dangraloo

Volume 12, Issue 2 , June 2025, Pages 81-89

Abstract

Background: Back pain is one of the most common disorders, caused by various factors and leading to diverse consequences. This study aimed to compare specific postural and functional ... Read More

Original Articles

The Effectiveness of Puppet Play Therapy on Social Skills of Children with Cochlear Implantation

Sedigheh Rezaei Dehnavi

Volume 12, Issue 2 , June 2025, Pages 90-94

Abstract

Background: Learning social skills presents a significant challenge for Hearing Impaired Children (HIC). Play therapy is a recommended intervention to facilitate and accelerate social-emotional ... Read More

Original Articles

A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Physical Performance of Soccer Players With and Without Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction While Undergoing Knee Injury Prevention Training

Amir Shamlou kazemi; hassan daneshmandi; Parisa Sedaghti; Yasin Hoseini

Volume 12, Issue 2 , June 2025, Pages 95-101

Abstract

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is one of the most severe and complex knee injuries commonly occurring in soccer. The Sportsmetrics Soccer Training (SMST) protocol ... Read More Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is one of the most severe and complex knee injuries commonly occurring in soccer. The Sportsmetrics Soccer Training (SMST) protocol is a well-established program for preventing knee injuries and enhancing soccer players' performance. This study aimed to compare the effect of the SMST injury prevention protocol on the performance of soccer players with and without anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Methods: This research employed a semi-experimental design, including 42 soccer players aged 18–30, each with at least three years of regular soccer experience. Participants were divided into two groups of 21 subjects: players with ACLR and those without ACLR. Physical performance was evaluated using the Illinois Agility Test, 40-Yard Sprint Test, and Sargent Vertical Jump Test in both groups before and after six weeks of intervention. The SMST protocol was conducted in three 90-minute weekly sessions for six weeks. Statistical analyses were performed to assess intra-group differences using the dependent t-test and inter-group differences using the covariance analysis test (P ≤ 0.05). Results: The dependent t-test results demonstrated significant improvements in speed (P = 0.01), agility (P = 0.01), and explosive power (P = 0.01) in both groups following six weeks of SMST training. However, the results of the covariance analysis revealed no significant differences between the two groups in terms of speed (P = 0.57), agility (P = 0.07), and explosive power (P = 0.71) after six weeks of training. Conclusion: The improvements in performance indicators among the participants were primarily attributed to the alignment between the components of the SMST protocol and the performance evaluation tests. SMST training is highly recommended for healthy and ACLR soccer players, as it effectively enhances physical and athletic performance while reducing the risk of ACL injury and re-injury.

Original Articles

The Effect of a 4-Week TRX Suspension Training on Lower Extremity Alignment and Muscle Strength in Male Basketball Players

Mohammad seyedahmadi; Karim Khalaghi; Ahmad Aghaei; Maliheh Ardakanizade

Volume 12, Issue 2 , June 2025, Pages 102-109

Abstract

Background: This study investigated the effectiveness of a 4-week TRX suspension training program on knee and hip alignment as well as hip muscle strength in male basketball players ... Read More

Case Report

Physical Therapy Interventions for a Patient with Poor Muscle Strength,Knee Function, and Psychological Readiness After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Meniscus Repair: A Case Report

I Putu Gde Surya Adhitya; I Gusti Ngurah Wien Aryana; Putu Ayu Sita Saraswati; Fajar Purnama; Ida Kurniawati; Noval Adhitya Wardhana; I Putu Prananda Dinata; Putu Devinda Ardaswari; Tabita Febyola Wijaya

Volume 12, Issue 2 , June 2025, Pages 110-115

Abstract

Background: This case report aims to evaluate phase III of physical therapy management, focusing on the late rehabilitation phase tailored to a patient’s specific goals and athletic ... Read More

The Interaction of Knee, Hip and L5-S1 Joint Contact Forces and spatiotemporal variables between Sound and Prosthetic Leg in Patients with Unilateral below-knee Amputation during Walking

Volume 4, Issue 2 , June 2017, , Pages 53-59

Abstract

Background: there is little knowledge explaining how forces applied on knee, hip and L5-S1 joint between the sound and prosthetic leg in unilateral Below-Knee Amputation (BKA), so the ... Read More

More realistic dynamical modeling of a humanoid robotic arm to reduce control effort with uncertainty using self-impact joint constrained

Volume 6, Issue 2 , June 2019, , Pages 68-79

Abstract

Background:The main challenge of modeling humanoid robots is establishing a compromise between the simplicity of the model and accuracy of the system. One of the realities of movement ... Read More

The Comparison of Neurodevelopmental- Bobath Approach with Occupational Therapy Home Program on Gross Motor Function of Children with Cerebral Palsy

Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 21-24

Abstract

Background & objectives: Traditional Bobath approach (TBA) is one of the several methods using in treatment of children with cerebral palsy (CP) who referred to occupational therapy ... Read More

Comparison of the Effects of Massage and Cryotherapy on the Knee Extensor Muscles Fatigue and Isokinetic Parameters in Soccer Players

Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2015, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

Background:Fatigue can cause a significant effect on the mechanics of complex motor skills and reduce physical and mental efficiency. One of the common ways to reduce fatigue is passive ... Read More Background:Fatigue can cause a significant effect on the mechanics of complex motor skills and reduce physical and mental efficiency. One of the common ways to reduce fatigue is passive recovering or using massage and cryotherapy after exercise. The present study aimed to compare the effects of massage and cryotherapy on muscles fatigue and isokinetic parameters.Methods:This study was conducted on54 healthy athletes aged 20-30 years who were randomly divided into three groups: cooling (ice therapy), massage, and control (resting). Each of the volunteers was evaluated in two sessions. The first session was to familiarize the participants with isokinetic contraction. The second session started with a brief warm up subsequently, using Biodex Isokinetic System Average Peak Torque (APTQ), Average Power (AP), and Total Work (TW) were measured. Then, the fatigue protocol was applied. Afterwards, interventions were performed for 15 minutes. After the intervention, isokinetic parameters were evaluated again. Also, perceived fatigue and Fatigue Index (FI) were recorded before and after the intervention.Results:APTQ, AP, and TW significantlyincreased in massage and cryotherapy groupsafter the intervention, while perceived fatigue and FI decreased significantly in both conditions (P<0.05). In the control group, however, no significant differences were observed in APTQ, AP, and TW before and after the intervention (P>0.05), but perceived fatigue and FI decreased significantly (P<0.05). Moreover, isokinetic variables (APTQ, AP, and TW) were higher in the massage group compared to cryotherapy and control groups (P<0.05), but such a difference was not observed between the massage and cryotherapy groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: Massage and cryotherapy could increase isokinetic parameters and decrease FI and perceived fatigue. Therefore, massage and cryotherapy have been more effective than rest as a strategy to return to normal state and no significant difference was observed between these two groups.

Effect of Kinesiotaping and Stretching Exercise on Forward Shoulder Angle in Females with Rounded Shoulder Posture

Volume 1, Issue 4 , December 2014, , Pages 78-83

Abstract

Background: Rounded shoulder posture is a common abnormal posture in upper quarter. Kinesiotape is a new intervention that recently used in rehabilitation. There are no studies have ... Read More

Original Articles

Assessment of Knee Angular Deformities: Correlation between Photogrammetric, Clinical and Radiographic Methods

Nasim Rashedi; Bina Eftekharsadat; Neda Dolatkhah; Jafar Soleymanpour; Yaghoub Salekzamani; Soraya Babaie

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 20 May 2024

Abstract

Background: Photogrammetry is a safe and non-invasive technique for evaluating posture in clinical settings. Body vision is a novel system that employs photogrammetric principles ... Read More Background: Photogrammetry is a safe and non-invasive technique for evaluating posture in clinical settings. Body vision is a novel system that employs photogrammetric principles to assess postural parameters. This study aimed to determine the relationship between clinical, photogrammetric, and radiologic techniques in knee angular deformity detection.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 53 volunteers of both genders, with a total of 106 lower limbs with complaints of knee pain or knee deformity. Sampling was conducted in a non-random and accessible manner considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Moreover, all of the participants had previously full-length lower limb radiographs. The clinical evaluation was conducted through the measurement of the anatomical axis, Q angle, and intermalleolar and intercondylar distances. The aforementioned parameters were evaluated using the Body Vision photogrammetric system while the patient was in a standing position. Finally, the analysis was performed using angles and distances obtained from these methods.Results: The evaluations indicated a strong correlation between the photogrammetric and radiological methods regarding the anatomical axis of the lower limb (r=0.939, p<0.001). Moreover, a high correlation was obtained between the clinical and photogrammetric methods to the intermalleolar distance (r=0.948, p<0.001) and intercondylar distance (r=0.927, p<0.001). Regarding the Q angle, a high but relatively lower correlation was detected between the clinical and photogrammetric methods compared to the previous cases (r=0.834, p<0.001). However, a moderate correlation has been detected from the clinical measurement of the anatomical axis with photogrammetric and radiological methods (r= 0.70, r= 0.62 respectively).Conclusions: As a result of this study, a strong correlation was demonstrated between the photogrammetric technique and the gold standard method, indicating that photogrammetry can be used as an alternative method for evaluating knee angular deviations.

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Original Articles

The Effect of Eight Weeks of NASM Training and Kinetic Chain Training on Pelvic Tilt, Lordosis, and Hip Joint ROM in Individuals with LCS

Leila Ghadirian marnani; hooman fatahi; mehrnoosh esmaeilian; Saeid Rostami

Articles in Press, Corrected Proof, Available Online from 11 June 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Lower crossed syndrome is a common condition with muscle imbalances and reduced flexibility. The aim of this semi-experimental pre-test and post-test study was to compare ... Read More Introduction: Lower crossed syndrome is a common condition with muscle imbalances and reduced flexibility. The aim of this semi-experimental pre-test and post-test study was to compare the effects of NASM and kinetic chain exercises on lordosis, pelvic tilt, and hip joint ROM in individuals with LCS .Methods: This study employed a semi-experimental design in the field of sports. Thirty participants were purposefully and conveniently selected and randomly divided into three groups: NASM, kinetic chain, and control group. The NASM and kinetic chain groups underwent an 8-week training program consisting of 3 sessions per week. Lumbar lordosis angle was measured using a flexible ruler, pelvic tilt angle was measured using a tilt meter, and hip joint ROM was measured using a goniometer, before and after the 8-week training program. To analyze the data, the statistical method of analysis of variance with repeated measures was used and the level of significance was considered to be P ≥ 0.05. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 softwareResults: the results showed that both NASM and kinetic chain exercises significantly decreased lumbar lordosis (P=0.000 for both) and anterior tilt of the pelvis (P=0.000 for both) and significantly increased hip joint ROM in flexion and extension (P=0.000 for both). Follow-up tests showed that the NASM exercises had a greater effect on reducing lumbar lordosis, anterior tilt of the pelvis, and increasing the ROM of hip flexion compared to kinetic chain exercises, while the kinetic chain exercises had a greater effect on increasing the ROM of hip extension compared to NASM exercises.Conclusion: In conclusion NASM and kinetic chain exercises can be used by corrective exercise experts to improve the symptoms of LCS. NASM exercises are particularly effective in reducing lumbar lordosis and anterior tilt of the pelvis, as well as increasing the ROM of hip flexion, while kinetic chain exercises should be used to increase the ROM of hip extension.

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Original Articles

Comparing the effectiveness of modified Iranian and rigid Minerva braces in cervical and thoracic spine movements

Alireza Khalili; hossein asiyaeimehr; Mohammad taghi Karimi; Amirhossein Zare

Articles in Press, Corrected Proof, Available Online from 11 June 2024

Abstract

Background: To facilitate the fusion of the injury site For nonoperative treatment or after surgery, various braces are available to immobilize an unstable cervical spine. The most ... Read More

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Original Articles

Assessing the Impact of Closed and Open Kinetic Chain Hydrotherapy on Lumbo-Pelvic Stability, Pain Intensity, Kinesiophobia, Rate of Loading, and Vertical Ground Reaction Force in Men with Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial

hossien ashoury; Ali Yalfani; mahdi arjipour

Articles in Press, Corrected Proof, Available Online from 11 June 2024

Abstract

Background: Chronic Non-Specific low back pain (CNSLBP) is recognized as one of the leading causes of work absenteeism and increased reliance on health insurance and healthcare services. ... Read More Background: Chronic Non-Specific low back pain (CNSLBP) is recognized as one of the leading causes of work absenteeism and increased reliance on health insurance and healthcare services. Despite the widespread impact of this condition, there remains a scarcity of research investigating the effects of open and closed kinetic chain (O/CKC) exercises conducted in water on improving CNSLBP. Therefore, this study aimed to assessing the impact of closed and open kinetic chain hydrotherapy on lumbo-pelvic stability, pain intensity, kinesiophobia, rate of loading, and vertical ground reaction force in in men with non-specific chronic low back pain.Methods: The double-blind randomized controlled trial was designed with a pre-post-test in men aged 40-60 (48.10 ± 5.97) with CNSLBP. Patients were randomly assigned to two hydrotherapy groups CKCE and OKCE and the control group in this clinical trial. Pain intensity, kinesiophobia, Lumbo-Pelvic Stability (LPS), Rate of Loading (ROL) and Vertical Ground Reaction Force (vGRF) were measured with the visual analog scale, Tampa kinesiophobia scale, biofeedback pressure, and plantar pressures device. The intervention groups performed prescribed exercises for eight weeks and three sessions per week. The analysis of covariance was used to compare the group differences.Results: In the comparison within the OKCE and CKCE groups, significant differences were observed in the pre- and post-intervention measurements (p<0.05). Moreover, there were statistically significant differences in pain (p=0.001) and kinesiophobia scores (p=0.001) with a large effect size. Additionally, noteworthy differences were noted in vGRF (P=0.003), ROL (P=0.012), and LPS variables (p=0.022).Conclusion: The study results indicate that utilizing hydrotherapy exercises involving open and closed kinetic chains is beneficial in the rehabilitation of individuals with CNSLBP. We suggest that healthcare professionals, including doctors, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists, include these exercises in their comprehensive rehabilitation programs for such patients.

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Original Articles

Effect of Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique and Posture Correction in Management of Neck Pain

Alka Pawalia; Varsha Sharma; Shabnam Joshi; Vikram Singh Yadav

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 07 July 2024

Abstract

Background: The study's objective was to compare the efficiency of the Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique (INIT) which is a manual technique that includes three maneuvers ... Read More

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Original Articles

Development of Speech Therapy Application for Children with Stuttering (STACS)

Janith Raj Jayaraju; Amudhu Sankar

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 07 July 2024

Abstract

Background: There is growing need for online therapy in the recent past due to various reasons such as, the COVID 19 pandemic, longer travel distance and duration of speech therapy ... Read More Background: There is growing need for online therapy in the recent past due to various reasons such as, the COVID 19 pandemic, longer travel distance and duration of speech therapy sessions. The purpose of this study was to develop an application that will facilitate parents during speech therapy for children with stuttering. This app will provide a dynamic interaction between the Speech Language Pathologist (SLP) and the families of children with stuttering.Methods: A cross sectional study design was carried out. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of an app for parents of children with stuttering in the age range of 3 to 12 years. The app consisted of a brief description of analogies for stuttering with a video demonstration of the analogy. The contents of the app were evaluated by three speech and language pathologists who have minimum experience of 5 years in handling children with fluency disorders. 13 parents of children with stuttering participated in the study. The app was administered on children with stuttering along with their parents. Descriptive statistics and percentage analysis was calculated for background variables.Results: Findings revealed that almost all the parents found the instructions being provided in the app was easily understandable. 70% of the parents found it to be highly satisfying on the usefulness of the app. On assessment of the functionality of application, nearly 77% found it to be high satisfying. Nearly 85% of the parents found the app to very user friendly.Conclusion: Majority of the parents found this prototype app to be easy to use; efficient in training their children and the functionality of the app was highly accepted. This application assures to bring about a change in the child’s speech and facilitated effective communication. In future, this app can reach greatest number of clients to promote better fluency skills at a low-cost and effective way.

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Original Articles

Acute effects of combined stretching protocols on myoelectric activity, and scapular kinematics of gymnasts.

omid kazemi; paulo marchetti; Aboozar Saadatian; hadi abbaszade ghanati

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 07 July 2024

Abstract

Background: Typically, stretching is used to enhance the range of motion of a joint. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of combined stretching protocols ... Read More

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Case Report

Application of Hypothetico Deductive Reasoning Process for Physiotherapy Management of a Case with Meniscus Injury

Faruq Ahmed; Mohammad Habibur Rahman; Ehsanur Rahman; Shazal Kumar Das; Md. Obaidul Haque

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 July 2024

Abstract

Background: Clinical reasoning refers to professional decisions undertaken for physical rehabilitation. Hypothetico-deductive models of clinical reasoning involve self-images and clinical ... Read More

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Review Article

Home-Based modification approaches for children with autism (3-18 years)

golnaz ahmadi; Nazila Akbarfahimi; Navid Mirzakhani Araghi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 11 August 2024

Abstract

Background: Considering the creation of a serene and tranquil home environment for both the child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and other family members, the aim of this study ... Read More

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Original Articles

Effect of 8 Weeks of Modified Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Exercises on Core Region Function and Shoulder Pain in Patients with Incomplete Paraplegic Spinal Cord Injury

Eskandar moghanloo; Gholamali Ghasemi; Morteza Sadeghi; Navidreza Ghasemi Kahrizsangi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 27 August 2024

Abstract

Background and purpose: Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes a decline in core region function and shoulder pain in wheelchair users. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of modified ... Read More

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Systematic Reviews

Caregiver burden in primary caregivers of community-dwelling older adults: Systematic review

Kiana Ramezani; marzieh Pashmdarfard; Mehdi Rezaee; Zeinab Bagheri; mino kalantari

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 28 August 2024

Abstract

Background: Caregivers are those who are responsible for helping old, sick, or disabled people. Most care services are provided by family members as primary caregivers. Taking care ... Read More Background: Caregivers are those who are responsible for helping old, sick, or disabled people. Most care services are provided by family members as primary caregivers. Taking care of the elderly requires a lot of expenses and physical and psychosocial pressure, which ultimately leads to a decrease in caregivers’ quality of life and care service quality. With the increasing proportion of people aged 60 and over and advances in medicine and technology to extend life, concerns about care for the elderly are increasing. Methods: The current systematic review study reviewed systematically the effects of intervention on burden on primary caregivers of community-dwelling older adults and identify influential factors in caregiving problems and challenges. In this study, 354 articles, published in peer-reviewed journals from 2000 to 2023, were extracted from different databases, including Embase, PubMed, and Scopus. The agreement rate in relation to the search of the articles that was done by the first and third author was 93%. In addition, the quality of these articles was assessed through PEDro scale, their abstract and full texts were thoroughly analyzed by the second and fourth author, and the agreement rate in this regard was 89% too. Results: In total, 13 articles included in the review based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the thirteen eligible articles reviewed in this study were of medium to high quality with a score of 5 or above on the PEDro scale. These articles centered on direct interventions for older adults (four articles), interventions for caregivers (five articles), and interventions for both (four articles which direct caregiver interventions are the most efficient approach on reducing caregiver burden among them. The results of these studies were analyzed with respect to variations in the burden, stress, and depression of caregivers. Conclusion: Based on the results, it is concluded that direct caregiver intervention is the most efficient approach on reducing caregiver burden. Furthermore, the design and evaluation of individualized programs can be highly effective in enhancing the impact of intervention and devising better subsequent programs.

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Case Report

Early mobilization and functional training for early recovery after Stevens-Johnson Syndrome- A case report.

Naveen Kumar I

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 22 September 2024

Abstract

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) are severe dermatological disorders with limited prevalence, leading to insufficient awareness among physical therapists. ... Read More

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Original Articles

The Prevalence of Academic Procrastination among Students of School of Rehabilitation Sciences in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

Sara Abolahrari-Shirazi; Farzaneh Moslemi Haghighi; Farahnaz Emami

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 22 September 2024

Abstract

Background:Academic procrastination is as an irrational tendency to defer at the beginning or completing an academic task and is reportedly associated with negative emotions, psychological ... Read More Background:Academic procrastination is as an irrational tendency to defer at the beginning or completing an academic task and is reportedly associated with negative emotions, psychological distress, sense of failure, guilt, lower levels of self-regulated learning and self-efficacy and unsatisfactory academic performance. Academic procrastination is a common phenomenon among university students. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the prevalence of academic procrastination among students of School of Rehabilitation Sciences in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: All of university students (a total of 368), 230 (62.5%) female and 138 (37.5%) males participated voluntarily in the present cross-sectional descriptive study. The participants were undergraduate and postgraduate students from different grade levels enrolled in 5 departments. The mean age of students was 21.66 ± 2.27. To ascertain the prevalence of procrastination, we followed Solomon and Rothblum academic procrastination questionnaire. This questionnaire consists of 27 items which designate to measure three areas: Preparing for exams, preparing assignments and preparation of final paper. We used descriptive, Pearson correlation coefficient, one way ANOVA and independent t-test. P value less than 0.05 was regarded statistically significant. Results: Two hundred and ninety-seven students answered all questions about procrastination. Of the participants, 44.2% of students claimed to be moderate procrastinators and 54.5% stated they were severing procrastinators. It was shown that 40.9% of males had moderate and 57.3% of them had severe problems with academic procrastination. Moreover, 46% of females had moderate and 52.9% of them exhibited sever procrastinator behaviors. Furthermore, 42.5% of undergraduate students reported a tendency to moderate procrastination and 56% tendency to sever procrastinator behaviors. Moreover, %58.1 of postgraduate had moderate level and 41.9% faced with sever procrastination behaviors. In addition, the results revealed that academic procrastination prevail at all of components among students and was more prevalent in undergraduate students in preparing assignments (P<0.05). Conclusion: Academic procrastination behaviors was equally prevalent among all educational levels, disciplines and sexes. Students experienced procrastination tendency in all components of academic procrastination. These data may aid institutions in order to developing better intervention techniques to decrease the impact of academic procrastination and increase academic attainments.

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Original Articles

Impact of group reality therapy Glaser on self-esteem and depression of betrayed women: An experimental study with control group

Shiva Moradi; Hossein Komeili Sani; Bahman Dashtbozorgi; Saeed Ghanbari

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 22 September 2024

Abstract

Background: Marital infidelity is one of the most challenging issues in married life, resulting in consequences such as depression and low self-esteem. This study aimed to investigate ... Read More

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Original Articles

Designing and studying the effectiveness of Nava game multimedia software in teaching the diagnosis of dysarthria symptoms in speech therapy students.

Parvaneh Rahimifar; Negin Moradi; Majid Soltani; Mohammad jafar Shaterzadeh Yazdi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 12 October 2024

Abstract

Background: Different studies found the use of educational games effective in improving the quality of students' learning and benefiting from the materials in clinical environments ... Read More

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Original Articles

Validation of the Persian Version of the Life Balance Inventory in Iranian Population

naser havaei; Babak kashefimehr; ahmad mohammadi; Mina Ahmadi Kahjoogh

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 12 October 2024

Abstract

Background: Life balance is defined as having a satisfying pattern of activities or occupations that is sustainable and meaningful to a person within his/her current context and life ... Read More

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Meta-Analyses

The effects of combined training on functionality, balance and gait speed of the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis

mahboobeh dehnavi; Amirali Jafarnejadgero; Farhad Tabatabai Ghomsheh; Ali Fatahi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 23 October 2024

Abstract

Background: Ensuring the safety of the elderly is an increasingly important concern today. Fall prevention guidelines recommend highly challenging training modes to decrease falls. ... Read More

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Original Articles

Evaluating dynamic stability, spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters of gait during walking in day and night shift nurses

Mohammad Taghi Karimi; Farzaneh Yazdani; Mahbobeh Razavi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 23 October 2024

Abstract

Background: Despite the importance of investigating the effect of night shift on gait kinematics of nurses, literature lacks evidences to evaluate this relationship. Therefore, the ... Read More

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Systematic Reviews

Prevalence of Soft Tissue Injuries in Upper and Lower Limb among Professional Racquet Sports Players: A Systematic Review

Gunjan Chaudhary; Sumit Raghav; Anshika Singh; Shagun Agarwal; Latika Gulyani

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 10 November 2024

Abstract

Background: - The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the prevalence of soft tissue injuries in upper limb and lower limb among professional racquet players. Methods: ... Read More

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Original Articles

A Combined Exercise Program in Sedentary Older Adults: A Randomized Control Trial

Behnoosh Aminikhah; hamed babagoltabar-samakoush; Behnam Gholami-Borujeni

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 10 November 2024

Abstract

Background: The present study investigated the effectiveness and durability of a combined exercise program on strength, endurance, speed, agility, flexibility, and quality of life in ... Read More

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Original Articles

Effects of three sessions of diaphragmatic myofascial release on pain, balance and quality of life in patients with Chronic nonspecific low back pain (A regional interdependence model): protocol of randomized clinical trial

soheil hejazi yekta; kazem malmir; Sara Fereydounnia; Khadijeh Otadi; Fatemeh Ehteshami

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 26 January 2025

Abstract

Background: Chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP) is a prevalent cause of disability, despite advancements in management. The diaphragm, a key respiratory muscle crucial for adjusting ... Read More Background: Chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP) is a prevalent cause of disability, despite advancements in management. The diaphragm, a key respiratory muscle crucial for adjusting intraabdominal pressure and maintaining lumbar spine stability, often experiences dysfunction in chronic LBP. Improving diaphragm function may yield positive effects on chronic LBP. Therefore, the main aim of present study is assessment of adding myofascial release of diaphragm to traditional treatment on pain, balance and quality of life in patients with Chronic nonspecific LBP. Methods: A prospective, double blind, randomized controlled clinical trial will include 24 participants with CNLBP, randomly assigned to control group (sham diaphragm myofascial release) or the interventional group (diaphragm myofascial release). ALL patients will receive three sessions of main release or sham interventions, which followed by the application of TENS. Outcome measures will be assessed at baseline, third session (Post treatment) and after one week (Follow up). Pain by VAS, disability by Roland Morris questionnaire, static balance by single leg stance test, dynamic balance by functional reach test, lumbopelvic mobility by tip to floor test and chest expansion by tape measure will be assessed. Discussion: This trial will examine the effects of diaphragm myofascial release in comparison with sham diaphragm myofascial release on pain, balance, chest expansion, lumbopelvic mobility and disability in individuals with chronic nonspecific LBP. Potential implications for clinical practice and future research will be discussed. Limitations of the study will also be considered. Results: Repeated measures ANOVA will be used for analysis of data after data gatheringConclusion: This trial will examine the effects of diaphragm myofascial release in comparison with sham diaphragm myofascial release on pain, balance, chest expansion, lumbopelvic mobility and disability in individuals with chronic nonspecific LBP. Potential implications for clinical practice and future research will be discussed. Limitations of the study will also be considered. Trial registration: This trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) (https://www.irct.ir: IRCT20221216056836N1, on Feburary 28, 2023)

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Systematic Reviews

The association between obesity and lung functions: A systematic review

Fatemeh Rahimi; Nahid Rahmani; Nahid Pirayeh; Khadijeh Kazemi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 26 January 2025

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the studies that assessed the association between obesity and lung functions in obese adult individuals.Method: ... Read More

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Original Articles

The Prevalence of Language Impairment in 5-year old Persian-Speaking Children after COVID-19

Masoomeh Salmani; Masume Zareei; Marziyeh Maddah; Mozhgan Asadi; Fatemeh Esmaili Moqadam; Sepideh Seyed; Mana Aminian; Reyhaneh Farajianpour

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 26 January 2025

Abstract

Objectives: Children’s language skills develop based on the physical development and experience. During pandemics such as COVID-19, a lot of restrictions have been imposed on ... Read More

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Original Articles

The Psychometric Evaluation of the Coping with MS Caregiving Inventory (CMSCI) for Iranian Caregivers

Mohammad Mohebbirad; laleh lajevardi; Seyed Hassan Saneii; Fatemeh Motaharinezhad; Afsoon Hassani Mehraban

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 17 March 2025

Abstract

Background: coping means cognitive and behavioral attempts made to manage a stressful situation. Caring for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is associated with increased stress in the ... Read More

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Original Articles

Evaluating the Predictive Power of Cognitive Assessment Tools for Cortical Hypometabolism in Alzheimer’s Disease

Mohammad Sadeghi; Salimeh Jafari; Hadi Aligholi; Zahra Shayan; Alireza Keshavarz Bahaqiqat

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 17 March 2025

Abstract

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by memory loss and cognitive performance decline. one of the theories ... Read More

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Original Articles

Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on balance, functional performance, and neurocognitive function in males with Chronic Ankle Instability: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Sara Asadi Abadi; Azadeh Shadmehr; Zeinab Shiravi; Sara Fereydounnia; Michael A Nitsche; Azita Yazdani

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 17 March 2025

Abstract

Background: Approximately 40% of subjects who experience an ankle sprain, develop chronic ankle instability (CAI). Changes in CNS and deficits in neurocognitive function have been reported ... Read More

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Original Articles

Life Satisfaction and Socioeconomic Situation among Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury at Community Settings in Bangladesh

Faruq Ahmed; Md Nazmul Hassan; Saiba Muhammad Sabrin; Mohammad Nazmul Hasan; Shajida Akter; Golam Moula; Moeidu Bhuian Priti; Maruful Hasan Faruki

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 17 March 2025

Abstract

Background: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) have to face many challenges in community settings after completing rehabilitation. The study aimed to explore the level of life ... Read More

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Original Articles

Translation and psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory-13

Seyed Hossein Hosseini; Moslem Cheraghifard; Akram Azad; Ghorban Taghizadeh; Laleh Lajevardi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 17 March 2025

Abstract

Background: Stroke survivors suffer from functional limitations, including upper extremity impairments. The present paper aimed to investigate psychometric properties of Chedoke Arm ... Read More

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Original Articles

A Novel Approach to Analyzing Wrestling Skills: Multidimensional Recurrence Quantification Analysis of Muscle Activity

Kazem Esfandiarian-Nasab; Mansour Eslami; Fateme Salari-Esker; Rohollah Yousefpour

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 17 March 2025

Abstract

Background: As athletes develop their skills, their motor patterns shift from variable to adaptive neuromuscular control strategies, enabling the precise execution of complex movements. ... Read More

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Original Articles

The effect of Partial sleep deprivation on the ground reaction force components before and after fatigue

yasin hoseini; leila ghazaleh; paria mahmoodi; Fateme Badie

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 17 March 2025

Abstract

Background: The interaction of lack of sleep and fatigue increases the possibility of injury in different people. Examining the components of ground reaction forces during activities ... Read More

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Original Articles

Investigating the effects of adding Kinesio taping to diaphragm strengthening exercise on pain, function, core muscle endurance, agility, and balance in women athletes with chronic non-specific low back pain: A Randomized clinical trial Study Protocol

Sara Jafarpour; Leila Abbasi; Marzieh Mohamadi; Hadi Sarafraz; aida karami

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 12 April 2025

Abstract

Background: Chronic non-specific low back pain (NS-LBP) is a common musculoskeletal condition affecting athletes. While core muscle strengthening is effective, the diaphragm's role ... Read More

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Systematic Reviews

Factors affecting attachment and bonding in infants with a history of hospitalization in the intensive care unit (NICU): systematic review

Hanieh Esmail Darjani; Narges Talebi; Marzieh Pashmdarfard; Leila Asgarzadeh

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 14 April 2025

Abstract

Background: The present study was conducted to investigate the effective factors related to attachment and bonding in infants with a history of hospitalization in the intensive care ... Read More

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Original Articles

Immediate Effects of Mulligan’s Mobilization with and without Kinesio Taping on Pain, Range of Motion, and Cervical Proprioception in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Fatemeh Dokhaei; Azadeh Shadmehr; Kazem Malmir; Sara Fereydounnia

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 28 April 2025

Abstract

Background: Neck pain is a common musculoskeletal issue associated with proprioceptive abnormalities and limited neck movement. This study assessed the immediate effects of Mulligan's ... Read More

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Original Articles

The Impact of Online Group Wheelchair Mobility and Transfer Training on the performance of people with spinal cord injuries: A superiority randomized controlled trial

Shahriar Parvaneh; Fatemeh Motaharinezhad; Fatemeh Hoseinpour; Mona Mohajer; Yahya Salimi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 28 April 2025

Abstract

Objectives: Online training for rehabilitating People with Spinal Cord injuries people with SCI is necessary. Various environmental barriers create challenges in transferring and transporting ... Read More

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Original Articles

The Impact of Body Types and Digital Device Usage on Spinal Posture in Female Middle School Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Mohammad seyedahmadi; Karim Khalaghi; Fatemeh Jeddi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 28 April 2025

Abstract

Objective: This study investigated the relationship between ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph body types and the duration of digital device use on spinal angle changes among female ... Read More

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Original Articles

The effect of Prevent injury and enhance performance training program on time to stability and center of pressure Changes in soccer players with and without anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

moosareza ghorbani; hasan daneshmandi; Ali Shamsi Majelan; Mehdi Majlesi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 28 April 2025

Abstract

Background: Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are prevalent in soccer and can significantly affect an athlete's stability and performance. The Prevent Injury and ... Read More

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Original Articles

Effects of DIR/Floortime™ on social skills and social adjustment of children with mild autism spectrum disorder

Solmaz Mohammadi; Benyamin Hamid; Leila Ganji; Malek Amini; Marzieh Pashmdarfard

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 07 May 2025

Abstract

Background: This study investigates the effects of DIR/Floortime™ on the social skills and social adaptation of children with mild autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose ... Read More

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Review Article

Instruments to Screen Specific Learning Disorder in Children and Adolescents: protocol for a systematic review

Farin Soleimani; Zahra nobakht; Fatemeh Hassanati; Mohammad Saatchi; Fatemeh ghasemifard; Zahra ghorbanpour; Mersede Imani-Shakibayi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 14 May 2025

Abstract

Background: Specific learning disorder is an expanding problem in the world. It is directly related to the decrease in self-confidence and dropout of these children. So the purpose ... Read More

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Original Articles

A Comparison of Executive Function in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder with Typically Developing Peers: A comparative study

Fatemeh Sharafian; Gholam Hossain Nazemzadegan

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 July 2025

Abstract

Background: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental impairment that affects motor skills and causes attentional and executive impairments. Moreover, the Presence ... Read More

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Review Article

Examining the Return to Sport Time and Influential Factors After ACL Surgery in Professional Football Players

Javad Habibi; Ali Shamsi Majelan; Parisa Sedaghti

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 July 2025

Abstract

Purpose: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the most common injuries among football players and requires a prolonged recovery period after surgery. Return to play is ... Read More Purpose: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the most common injuries among football players and requires a prolonged recovery period after surgery. Return to play is one of the major concerns for professional football players and healthcare professionals after an ACL injury. According to the findings, the average time for return to play in football players after ACL injury is 7 to 10 months, the precise timing of return varies for each individual based on pre-injury physical condition, age, gender, genetics and psychological factors (fear of re-injury , motivation). Increased risk of re-injury to the affected or contralateral limb due to premature return, or increased risk of early-onset osteoarthritis with delayed return, emphasize the importance of evaluating and determining the appropriate time for return to play. To review the literature on ACL injury and return to play time, as well as the factors influencing it, in professional football players. Methods: In the present review research Using 4 databases (PEDro/Web of Science/PubMed/Google Scholar) on November 25, 2023, with keywords such as RTP (Return to Play)/Return to Game/Return to Sport/ACL Reconstruction/ACL surgery/After ACL surgery/Elite soccer Player/Professional soccer player), 8 relevant studies were identified after excluding duplicates, irrelevant studies, different populations, and those without a precise return to play time. Results: According to the studies, the average time for return to play in football players after ACL injury is 7 to 10 months. One of the critical factors influencing the return to play time is the risk of re-injury to the affected or contralateral limb. Conclusion: Several factors have been identified for determining the precise timing for an athlete's return to play or initiation of rehabilitation stages, with individual differences (genetics), pre-surgery fitness level, psychological factors, H/Q ratio (quadriceps to hamstring), and injury severity being the most important evaluation criteria.

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Original Articles

The effectiveness of the chiropractic modality in patients with chronic low back pain: a quasi-experimental study

Behdokht Aleali; Mohammad Hossein Sharifi; yasaman vazani; Hossein Molavi Vardanjani; Saeed Keshavarz; Malihe Sousani; Alireza Salehi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 July 2025

Abstract

Background Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most prevalent diseases in developed and developing countries and imposes a high socioeconomic burden on both individuals and communities. ... Read More

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Original Articles

Investigating the applicability of a mobile phone-based self-care training program in lower limb amputees

vahid velayati; Alireza Taheri; saeed forghany; davood farahmandi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 July 2025

Abstract

Background: The self-care program based on mobile phones is considered one of the effective ways to solve patients' problems. Considering the complex and unique situation of lower limb ... Read More Background: The self-care program based on mobile phones is considered one of the effective ways to solve patients' problems. Considering the complex and unique situation of lower limb amputees with prostheses, there is a need to educate and raise awareness among these patients in order to improve their quality of life. The present study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of a mobile -based self-care training program for lower limb amputation. methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study that in the first stage, 10 specialists rehabilitation were selected. In the second stage, 30 people with lower limb amputations were chosen as participants. The data collection tools, smartphone-based app usability questionnaires Persian for the experts' and usability questionnaires for the amputees and satisfaction questionnaire from the amputees. Results: The average age of participants were 45.37±13.80 years. The results of the smartphone-based application usability questionnaire from the experts' point of view showed that the average score of the questionnaire is 7.07±1.15 and the questionnaire is in an acceptable state and approved by the experts. The results of the system usability questionnaire from the participants' point of view showed that the average final score of this questionnaire is 88.75±8.27 and the mobile phone-based self-care training program has the necessary efficiency, satisfaction, and effectiveness from the point of view of the lower limb amputation subjects. The overall average of the questionnaire of usefulness, satisfaction, ease of use, and ease of learning (4.50±0.24) demonstrates that the mobile phone-based self-care program is approved from the point of view of amputees. Conclusion: The designed self-care application can be used to increase awareness, help manage rehabilitation problems after amputation, increase the level of quality of life and reduce the complications of the disease for people with lower limb amputation with high efficiency and comfort.

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Original Articles

Comparison of Strength, muscle length and Shoulder Position Sense Between Dominant and Non-Dominant Sides in Individuals With and Without Uneven Shoulders

Bayan Feizi; Ali Asghar Norasteh; Seyed Hosein Hoseini

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 July 2025

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the differences in shoulder strength, muscle length, and proprioception between dominant and non-dominant sides in individuals with and without ... Read More

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Review Article

Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities in Myopathy Management: A Narrative Review

Mahsa Rezaei; Katayoon Rezaei

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 July 2025

Abstract

Background: Myopathies, a diverse group of muscle disorders affecting over 1.7 billion people globally, pose significant therapeutic challenges due to their varied causes and symptom ... Read More