Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences & Research

Case Report

Early Mobilization and Functional Training for Early Recovery after Stevens-Johnson Syndrome: A Case Report

Naveen Kumar I

Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2025, Pages 66-70

Abstract

Background: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) are rare but severe dermatological disorders. Their limited prevalence contributes to low awareness among ... Read More

Original Articles

Assessment of Knee Angular Deformities: Correlation between Photogrammetric, Clinical, and Radiographic Methods

Nasim Rashedi; Bina Eftekharsadat; Neda Dolatkhah; Jafar Soleymanpour; Yaghoub Salekzamani; Soraya Babaie

Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2025, Pages 71-80

Abstract

Background: Photogrammetry is a safe and non-invasive technique for evaluating posture in clinical settings. Body Vision is a novel system that employs photogrammetric principles to ... Read More Background: Photogrammetry is a safe and non-invasive technique for evaluating posture in clinical settings. Body Vision is a novel system that employs photogrammetric principles to assess postural parameters. This study aimed to determine the relationship between clinical, photogrammetric, and radiological techniques in detecting knee angular deformities. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 53 volunteers of both genders, encompassing a total of 106 lower limbs with complaints of knee pain or knee deformity. Sampling was conducted in a non-random and accessible manner based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. All participants had previously obtained full-length radiographs of their lower limbs. The clinical evaluation included measurements of the anatomical axis, Q angle, and intermalleolar and intercondylar distances. These parameters were also assessed using the Body Vision photogrammetric system while the patient was in a standing position. Data from all three methods were compared using the measured angles and distances. Results: The evaluations indicated a strong correlation between the photogrammetric and radiological methods regarding the anatomical axis of the lower limb (r = 0.939, p < 0.001). A high correlation was also observed between the clinical and photogrammetric methods for the intermalleolar distance (r = 0.948, p < 0.001) and intercondylar distance (r = 0.927, p < 0.001). For the Q angle, a high but relatively lower correlation was found between the clinical and photogrammetric methods (r = 0.834, p < 0.001). However, a moderate correlation was detected between the clinical measurement of the anatomical axis and both the photogrammetric (r = 0.70) and radiological (r = 0.62) methods. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a strong correlation between the photogrammetric technique and the gold standard radiological method, indicating that photogrammetry can serve as a viable alternative for evaluating knee angular deviations.

Original Articles

The Prevalence of Academic Procrastination among Students of the School of Rehabilitation Sciences at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

Sara Abolahrari-Shirazi; Farzaneh Moslemi Haghighi; Farahnaz Emami

Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2025, Pages 81-88

Abstract

Background: Academic procrastination is an irrational tendency to delay starting or completing academic tasks. It is reportedly associated with negative emotions, psychological distress, ... Read More Background: Academic procrastination is an irrational tendency to delay starting or completing academic tasks. It is reportedly associated with negative emotions, psychological distress, a sense of failure, guilt, lower levels of self-regulated learning and self-efficacy, and unsatisfactory academic performance. Academic procrastination is a common phenomenon among university students. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the prevalence of academic procrastination among students at the School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: All university students (a total of 368), including 230 (62.5%) females and 138 (37.5%) males, voluntarily participated in this cross-sectional descriptive study. The participants were undergraduate and postgraduate students from different academic levels across five departments. The mean age of students was 21.66 ± 2.27 years. To ascertain the prevalence of procrastination, we used the Solomon and Rothblum Academic Procrastination Questionnaire. This questionnaire consists of 27 items designed to measure three areas: preparing for exams, preparing assignments, and preparing the final paper. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, one-way ANOVA, and independent t-tests were applied. A p-value less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: A total of 297 students completed all items on the procrastination questionnaire. Among the participants, 44.2% reported being moderate procrastinators, and 54.5% reported severe procrastination behaviors. Specifically, 40.9% of males reported moderate procrastination, while 57.3% reported severe procrastination. Among females, 46% reported moderate procrastination, and 52.9% exhibited severe procrastinator behaviors. Furthermore, 42.5% of undergraduate students reported a tendency toward moderate procrastination, while 56% exhibited severe procrastination behaviors. Among postgraduates, 58.1% reported moderate procrastination, and 41.9% reported severe procrastination behaviors. In addition, academic procrastination was prevalent across all components of the questionnaire, with undergraduate students exhibiting significantly higher procrastination levels in preparing assignments (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Academic procrastination behaviors were equally prevalent across all educational levels, disciplines, and sexes. Students exhibited tendencies towards procrastination across all components of academic procrastination. These findings may help institutions develop more effective intervention strategies to mitigate the impact of academic procrastination and improve academic achievement.

Original Articles

Impact of Group Reality Therapy Glaser on Self-Esteem and Depression of Betrayed Women: An Experimental Study with Control Group

Shiva Moradi; Hossein Komeili Sani; Bahman Dashtbozorgi; Saeed Ghanbari

Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2025, Pages 89-97

Abstract

Background: Marital infidelity is one of the most challenging issues in married life, often leading to adverse psychological outcomes such as depression and diminished self-esteem. ... Read More

Original Articles

Validation of the Persian Version of the Life Balance Inventory in the Iranian Population

Naser Havaei; Babak Kashefimehr; Ahmad Mohammadi; Mina Ahmadi Kahjoogh

Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2025, Pages 98-104

Abstract

Background: Life balance is defined as having a satisfying pattern of activities or occupations that is sustainable and meaningful to a person within their current context and life ... Read More

Original Articles

Comparing the Effectiveness of Modified Iranian and Rigid Minerva Braces in Cervical and Thoracic Spine Movements

Alireza Khalili; Hossein Asiyaeimehr; Mohammad taghi Karimi; Amirhossein Zare

Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2025, Pages 105-112

Abstract

Background: To facilitate the fusion of the injury site for non-operative treatment or postoperative care, various braces are available to immobilize an unstable cervical spine. Among ... Read More

Original Articles

Effect of 8 Weeks of Modified Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Exercises on Core Region Function and Shoulder Pain in Patients with Incomplete Paraplegic Spinal Cord Injury

Eskandar Moghanloo; Gholamali Ghasemi; Morteza Sadeghi; Navidreza Ghasemi Kahrizsangi

Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2025, Pages 113-119

Abstract

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in reduced core region function and shoulder pain among wheelchair users. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of modified ... Read More

Systematic Reviews

Caregiver Burden among Primary Caregivers of Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Kiana Ramezani; Marzieh Pashmdarfard; Mehdi Rezaee; Zeinab Bagheri; Mino kalantari

Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2025, Pages 120-131

Abstract

Background: Caregivers are individuals responsible for assisting older, sick, or disabled persons. The majority of care services are provided by family members acting as primary caregivers. ... Read More Background: Caregivers are individuals responsible for assisting older, sick, or disabled persons. The majority of care services are provided by family members acting as primary caregivers. Providing care for older people entails considerable financial, physical, and psychosocial strain, which can reduce both the quality of life of caregivers and the quality of care provided. With the growing proportion of individuals aged 60 and above, along with advancements in medical and technological fields that extend life expectancy, concerns regarding elder care are increasing. Methods: This systematic review examined the effects of interventions on caregiver burden among primary caregivers of community-dwelling older adults and identified key factors influencing caregiving challenges. A total of 354 peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2023 were extracted from databases including Embase, PubMed, and Scopus. The agreement rate between the first and third authors during the article selection process was 93%. Article quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale. Abstracts and full texts were reviewed by the second and fourth authors, with an inter-rater agreement of 89%. Results: Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final review. All were of medium to high methodological quality, each scoring five or above on the PEDro scale. The studies focused on interventions targeting older adults (n=4), caregivers (n=5), or both (n=4). Interventions aimed directly at caregivers were identified as the most effective in reducing caregiver burden. Findings were synthesized based on reported outcomes related to caregiver burden, stress, and depression. Conclusion: The review concludes that direct interventions for caregivers are the most effective strategy for reducing caregiver burden. Designing and evaluating individualized intervention programs may further enhance their effectiveness and inform future caregiving support strategies.

Original Articles

Evaluating the Predictive Power of Cognitive Assessment Tools for Cortical Hypometabolism in Alzheimer’s Disease

Mohammad Sadeghi; Salimeh Jafari; Hadi Aligholi; Zahra Shayan; Alireza Keshavarz Bahaqiqat; Alzheimer’s Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)

Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2025, Pages 132-142

Abstract

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline. One of the leading theories explaining AD ... Read More

Original Articles

Evaluating Dynamic Stability, Spatiotemporal, and Kinematic Gait Parameters in Day- and Night-Shift Nurses

Mohammad Taghi Karimi; Farzaneh Yazdani; Mahbobeh Razavi

Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2025, Pages 143-147

Abstract

Background: Despite the importance of investigating the effect of night shifts on the gait kinematics of nurses, the literature lacks sufficient evidence to evaluate this relationship. ... Read More

The Interaction of Knee, Hip and L5-S1 Joint Contact Forces and spatiotemporal variables between Sound and Prosthetic Leg in Patients with Unilateral below-knee Amputation during Walking

Volume 4, Issue 2 , June 2017, , Pages 53-59

Abstract

Background: there is little knowledge explaining how forces applied on knee, hip and L5-S1 joint between the sound and prosthetic leg in unilateral Below-Knee Amputation (BKA), so the ... Read More

More realistic dynamical modeling of a humanoid robotic arm to reduce control effort with uncertainty using self-impact joint constrained

Volume 6, Issue 2 , June 2019, , Pages 68-79

Abstract

Background:The main challenge of modeling humanoid robots is establishing a compromise between the simplicity of the model and accuracy of the system. One of the realities of movement ... Read More

The Comparison of Neurodevelopmental- Bobath Approach with Occupational Therapy Home Program on Gross Motor Function of Children with Cerebral Palsy

Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 21-24

Abstract

Background & objectives: Traditional Bobath approach (TBA) is one of the several methods using in treatment of children with cerebral palsy (CP) who referred to occupational therapy ... Read More

Comparison of the Effects of Massage and Cryotherapy on the Knee Extensor Muscles Fatigue and Isokinetic Parameters in Soccer Players

Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2015, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

Background:Fatigue can cause a significant effect on the mechanics of complex motor skills and reduce physical and mental efficiency. One of the common ways to reduce fatigue is passive ... Read More Background:Fatigue can cause a significant effect on the mechanics of complex motor skills and reduce physical and mental efficiency. One of the common ways to reduce fatigue is passive recovering or using massage and cryotherapy after exercise. The present study aimed to compare the effects of massage and cryotherapy on muscles fatigue and isokinetic parameters.Methods:This study was conducted on54 healthy athletes aged 20-30 years who were randomly divided into three groups: cooling (ice therapy), massage, and control (resting). Each of the volunteers was evaluated in two sessions. The first session was to familiarize the participants with isokinetic contraction. The second session started with a brief warm up subsequently, using Biodex Isokinetic System Average Peak Torque (APTQ), Average Power (AP), and Total Work (TW) were measured. Then, the fatigue protocol was applied. Afterwards, interventions were performed for 15 minutes. After the intervention, isokinetic parameters were evaluated again. Also, perceived fatigue and Fatigue Index (FI) were recorded before and after the intervention.Results:APTQ, AP, and TW significantlyincreased in massage and cryotherapy groupsafter the intervention, while perceived fatigue and FI decreased significantly in both conditions (P<0.05). In the control group, however, no significant differences were observed in APTQ, AP, and TW before and after the intervention (P>0.05), but perceived fatigue and FI decreased significantly (P<0.05). Moreover, isokinetic variables (APTQ, AP, and TW) were higher in the massage group compared to cryotherapy and control groups (P<0.05), but such a difference was not observed between the massage and cryotherapy groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: Massage and cryotherapy could increase isokinetic parameters and decrease FI and perceived fatigue. Therefore, massage and cryotherapy have been more effective than rest as a strategy to return to normal state and no significant difference was observed between these two groups.

Effect of Kinesiotaping and Stretching Exercise on Forward Shoulder Angle in Females with Rounded Shoulder Posture

Volume 1, Issue 4 , December 2014, , Pages 78-83

Abstract

Background: Rounded shoulder posture is a common abnormal posture in upper quarter. Kinesiotape is a new intervention that recently used in rehabilitation. There are no studies have ... Read More

Original Articles

Designing and studying the effectiveness of Nava game multimedia software in teaching the diagnosis of dysarthria symptoms in speech therapy students.

Parvaneh Rahimifar; Negin Moradi; Majid Soltani; Mohammad jafar Shaterzadeh Yazdi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 12 October 2024

Abstract

Background: Different studies found the use of educational games effective in improving the quality of students' learning and benefiting from the materials in clinical environments ... Read More

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Meta-Analyses

The effects of combined training on functionality, balance and gait speed of the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis

mahboobeh dehnavi; Amirali Jafarnejadgero; Farhad Tabatabai Ghomsheh; Ali Fatahi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 23 October 2024

Abstract

Background: Ensuring the safety of the elderly is an increasingly important concern today. Fall prevention guidelines recommend highly challenging training modes to decrease falls. ... Read More

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Systematic Reviews

Prevalence of Soft Tissue Injuries in Upper and Lower Limb among Professional Racquet Sports Players: A Systematic Review

Gunjan Chaudhary; Sumit Raghav; Anshika Singh; Shagun Agarwal; Latika Gulyani

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 10 November 2024

Abstract

Background: - The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the prevalence of soft tissue injuries in upper limb and lower limb among professional racquet players. Methods: ... Read More

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Original Articles

A Combined Exercise Program in Sedentary Older Adults: A Randomized Control Trial

Behnoosh Aminikhah; hamed babagoltabar-samakoush; Behnam Gholami-Borujeni

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 10 November 2024

Abstract

Background: The present study investigated the effectiveness and durability of a combined exercise program on strength, endurance, speed, agility, flexibility, and quality of life in ... Read More

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Systematic Reviews

The association between obesity and lung functions: A systematic review

Fatemeh Rahimi; Nahid Rahmani; Nahid Pirayeh; Khadijeh Kazemi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 26 January 2025

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the studies that assessed the association between obesity and lung functions in obese adult individuals.Method: ... Read More

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Original Articles

The Prevalence of Language Impairment in 5-year old Persian-Speaking Children after COVID-19

Masoomeh Salmani; Masume Zareei; Marziyeh Maddah; Mozhgan Asadi; Fatemeh Esmaili Moqadam; Sepideh Seyed; Mana Aminian; Reyhaneh Farajianpour

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 26 January 2025

Abstract

Objectives: Children’s language skills develop based on the physical development and experience. During pandemics such as COVID-19, a lot of restrictions have been imposed on ... Read More

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Original Articles

The Psychometric Evaluation of the Coping with MS Caregiving Inventory (CMSCI) for Iranian Caregivers

Mohammad Mohebbirad; laleh lajevardi; Seyed Hassan Saneii; Fatemeh Motaharinezhad; Afsoon Hassani Mehraban

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 17 March 2025

Abstract

Background: coping means cognitive and behavioral attempts made to manage a stressful situation. Caring for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is associated with increased stress in the ... Read More

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study protocol

Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on balance, functional performance, and neurocognitive function in males with Chronic Ankle Instability: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Sara Asadi Abadi; Azadeh Shadmehr; Zeinab Shiravi; Sara Fereydounnia; Michael A Nitsche; Azita Yazdani

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 17 March 2025

Abstract

Background: Approximately 40% of subjects who experience an ankle sprain, develop chronic ankle instability (CAI). Changes in CNS and deficits in neurocognitive function have been reported ... Read More

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Original Articles

Life Satisfaction and Socioeconomic Situation among Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury at Community Settings in Bangladesh

Faruq Ahmed; Md Nazmul Hassan; Saiba Muhammad Sabrin; Mohammad Nazmul Hasan; Shajida Akter; Golam Moula; Moeidu Bhuian Priti; Maruful Hasan Faruki

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 17 March 2025

Abstract

Background: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) have to face many challenges in community settings after completing rehabilitation. The study aimed to explore the level of life ... Read More

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Original Articles

Translation and psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory-13

Seyed Hossein Hosseini; Moslem Cheraghifard; Akram Azad; Ghorban Taghizadeh; Laleh Lajevardi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 17 March 2025

Abstract

Background: Stroke survivors suffer from functional limitations, including upper extremity impairments. The present paper aimed to investigate psychometric properties of Chedoke Arm ... Read More

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Original Articles

A Novel Approach to Analyzing Wrestling Skills: Multidimensional Recurrence Quantification Analysis of Muscle Activity

Kazem Esfandiarian-Nasab; Mansour Eslami; Fateme Salari-Esker; Rohollah Yousefpour

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 17 March 2025

Abstract

Background: As athletes develop their skills, their motor patterns shift from variable to adaptive neuromuscular control strategies, enabling the precise execution of complex movements. ... Read More

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Original Articles

The effect of Partial sleep deprivation on the ground reaction force components before and after fatigue

yasin hoseini; leila ghazaleh; paria mahmoodi; Fateme Badie

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 17 March 2025

Abstract

Background: The interaction of lack of sleep and fatigue increases the possibility of injury in different people. Examining the components of ground reaction forces during activities ... Read More

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Original Articles

Investigating the effects of adding Kinesio taping to diaphragm strengthening exercise on pain, function, core muscle endurance, agility, and balance in women athletes with chronic non-specific low back pain: A Randomized clinical trial Study Protocol

Sara Jafarpour; Leila Abbasi; Marzieh Mohamadi; Hadi Sarafraz; aida karami

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 12 April 2025

Abstract

Background: Chronic non-specific low back pain (NS-LBP) is a common musculoskeletal condition affecting athletes. While core muscle strengthening is effective, the diaphragm's role ... Read More

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Systematic Reviews

Factors affecting attachment and bonding in infants with a history of hospitalization in the intensive care unit (NICU): systematic review

Hanieh Esmail Darjani; Narges Talebi; Marzieh Pashmdarfard; Leila Asgarzadeh

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 14 April 2025

Abstract

Background: The present study was conducted to investigate the effective factors related to attachment and bonding in infants with a history of hospitalization in the intensive care ... Read More

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Original Articles

Immediate Effects of Mulligan’s Mobilization with and without Kinesio Taping on Pain, Range of Motion, and Cervical Proprioception in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Fatemeh Dokhaei; Azadeh Shadmehr; Kazem Malmir; Sara Fereydounnia

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 28 April 2025

Abstract

Background: Neck pain is a common musculoskeletal issue associated with proprioceptive abnormalities and limited neck movement. This study assessed the immediate effects of Mulligan's ... Read More

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Original Articles

The Impact of Online Group Wheelchair Mobility and Transfer Training on the performance of people with spinal cord injuries: A superiority randomized controlled trial

Shahriar Parvaneh; Fatemeh Motaharinezhad; Fatemeh Hoseinpour; Mona Mohajer; Yahya Salimi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 28 April 2025

Abstract

Objectives: Online training for rehabilitating People with Spinal Cord injuries people with SCI is necessary. Various environmental barriers create challenges in transferring and transporting ... Read More

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Original Articles

The Impact of Body Types and Digital Device Usage on Spinal Posture in Female Middle School Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Mohammad seyedahmadi; Karim Khalaghi; Fatemeh Jeddi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 28 April 2025

Abstract

Objective: This study investigated the relationship between ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph body types and the duration of digital device use on spinal angle changes among female ... Read More

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Original Articles

The effect of Prevent injury and enhance performance training program on time to stability and center of pressure Changes in soccer players with and without anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

moosareza ghorbani; hasan daneshmandi; Ali Shamsi Majelan; Mehdi Majlesi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 28 April 2025

Abstract

Background: Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are prevalent in soccer and can significantly affect an athlete's stability and performance. The Prevent Injury and ... Read More

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Original Articles

Effects of DIR/Floortime™ on social skills and social adjustment of children with mild autism spectrum disorder

Solmaz Mohammadi; Benyamin Hamid; Leila Ganji; Malek Amini; Marzieh Pashmdarfard

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 07 May 2025

Abstract

Background: This study investigates the effects of DIR/Floortime™ on the social skills and social adaptation of children with mild autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose ... Read More

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Review Article

Instruments to Screen Specific Learning Disorder in Children and Adolescents: protocol for a systematic review

Farin Soleimani; Zahra nobakht; Fatemeh Hassanati; Mohammad Saatchi; Fatemeh ghasemifard; Zahra ghorbanpour; Mersede Imani-Shakibayi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 14 May 2025

Abstract

Background: Specific learning disorder is an expanding problem in the world. It is directly related to the decrease in self-confidence and dropout of these children. So the purpose ... Read More

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Original Articles

A Comparison of Executive Function in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder with Typically Developing Peers: A comparative study

Fatemeh Sharafian; Gholam Hossain Nazemzadegan

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 July 2025

Abstract

Background: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental impairment that affects motor skills and causes attentional and executive impairments. Moreover, the Presence ... Read More

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Review Article

Examining the Return to Sport Time and Influential Factors After ACL Surgery in Professional Football Players

Javad Habibi; Ali Shamsi Majelan; Parisa Sedaghti

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 July 2025

Abstract

Purpose: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the most common injuries among football players and requires a prolonged recovery period after surgery. Return to play is ... Read More Purpose: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the most common injuries among football players and requires a prolonged recovery period after surgery. Return to play is one of the major concerns for professional football players and healthcare professionals after an ACL injury. According to the findings, the average time for return to play in football players after ACL injury is 7 to 10 months, the precise timing of return varies for each individual based on pre-injury physical condition, age, gender, genetics and psychological factors (fear of re-injury , motivation). Increased risk of re-injury to the affected or contralateral limb due to premature return, or increased risk of early-onset osteoarthritis with delayed return, emphasize the importance of evaluating and determining the appropriate time for return to play. To review the literature on ACL injury and return to play time, as well as the factors influencing it, in professional football players.Methods: In the present review research Using 4 databases (PEDro/Web of Science/PubMed/Google Scholar) on November 25, 2023, with keywords such as RTP (Return to Play)/Return to Game/Return to Sport/ACL Reconstruction/ACL surgery/After ACL surgery/Elite soccer Player/Professional soccer player), 8 relevant studies were identified after excluding duplicates, irrelevant studies, different populations, and those without a precise return to play time.Results: According to the studies, the average time for return to play in football players after ACL injury is 7 to 10 months. One of the critical factors influencing the return to play time is the risk of re-injury to the affected or contralateral limb.Conclusion: Several factors have been identified for determining the precise timing for an athlete's return to play or initiation of rehabilitation stages, with individual differences (genetics), pre-surgery fitness level, psychological factors, H/Q ratio (quadriceps to hamstring), and injury severity being the most important evaluation criteria.

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Original Articles

The effectiveness of the chiropractic modality in patients with chronic low back pain: a quasi-experimental study

Behdokht Aleali; Mohammad Hossein Sharifi; yasaman vazani; Hossein Molavi Vardanjani; Saeed Keshavarz; Malihe Sousani; Alireza Salehi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 July 2025

Abstract

Background Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most prevalent diseases in developed and developing countries and imposes a high socioeconomic burden on both individuals and communities. ... Read More

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Original Articles

Investigating the applicability of a mobile phone-based self-care training program in lower limb amputees

vahid velayati; Alireza Taheri; saeed forghany; davood farahmandi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 July 2025

Abstract

Background: The self-care program based on mobile phones is considered one of the effective ways to solve patients' problems. Considering the complex and unique situation of lower limb ... Read More Background: The self-care program based on mobile phones is considered one of the effective ways to solve patients' problems. Considering the complex and unique situation of lower limb amputees with prostheses, there is a need to educate and raise awareness among these patients in order to improve their quality of life. The present study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of a mobile -based self-care training program for lower limb amputation. methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study that in the first stage, 10 specialists rehabilitation were selected. In the second stage, 30 people with lower limb amputations were chosen as participants. The data collection tools, smartphone-based app usability questionnaires Persian for the experts' and usability questionnaires for the amputees and satisfaction questionnaire from the amputees. Results: The average age of participants were 45.37±13.80 years. The results of the smartphone-based application usability questionnaire from the experts' point of view showed that the average score of the questionnaire is 7.07±1.15 and the questionnaire is in an acceptable state and approved by the experts. The results of the system usability questionnaire from the participants' point of view showed that the average final score of this questionnaire is 88.75±8.27 and the mobile phone-based self-care training program has the necessary efficiency, satisfaction, and effectiveness from the point of view of the lower limb amputation subjects. The overall average of the questionnaire of usefulness, satisfaction, ease of use, and ease of learning (4.50±0.24) demonstrates that the mobile phone-based self-care program is approved from the point of view of amputees. Conclusion: The designed self-care application can be used to increase awareness, help manage rehabilitation problems after amputation, increase the level of quality of life and reduce the complications of the disease for people with lower limb amputation with high efficiency and comfort.

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Original Articles

Comparison of Strength, muscle length and Shoulder Position Sense Between Dominant and Non-Dominant Sides in Individuals With and Without Uneven Shoulders

Bayan Feizi; Ali Asghar Norasteh; Seyed Hosein Hoseini

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 July 2025

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the differences in shoulder strength, muscle length, and proprioception between dominant and non-dominant sides in individuals with and without ... Read More

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Review Article

Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities in Myopathy Management: A Narrative Review

Mahsa Rezaei; Katayoon Rezaei

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 July 2025

Abstract

Background: Myopathies, a diverse group of muscle disorders affecting over 1.7 billion people globally, pose significant therapeutic challenges due to their varied causes and symptom ... Read More

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Original Articles

The effect of practice types on motor learning in dysarthric people with multiple sclerosis and healthy controls

Maedeh Enayati; Majid Soltani; Negin Moradi; Mohammad Jafar ShaterzadehYazdi; Parvaneh Rahimifar; Maryam Dastoorpour; Nastaran Majdinasab

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 25 August 2025

Abstract

Introduction: dysarthria is a neurologic speech disorder. The responsible neuropath physiologic disturbances of control or execution are due to one or more sensorimotor ... Read More

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Original Articles

High-level language impairments in Persian-speaking patients with Parkinson's disease

Masumeh Afshani; Majid Soltani; Shahram Rafie; Maryam Dastoorpour; Davood Kashipazha; Negin Moradi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 25 August 2025

Abstract

Introduction: In addition to motor speech disorder, Parkinson's disease (PD) patients experience language problems. Given the importance of language in human communication and quality ... Read More

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Original Articles

Sign Language Interpreting in Rehabilitation Settings: Barriers and Opportunities

Azam Naghavi; Younes Doostian; Zahra Asgari; Ali Abbasi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 25 August 2025

Abstract

Background: Sign language is a complex and rich language that allows hard-of hearing people to communicate with a common language for interaction. This study aimed to explore occupational ... Read More

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Original Articles

Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunctions in women with and without Stress Urinary Incontinence

Narges Meftahi; Atefeh Khakbaz; Zahra Jahanabadi; Alamtaj Samsami; Alireza Motealleh

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 25 August 2025

Abstract

Background: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI), a common disorder of the urinary system, has destructive effects on daily life activities. Normal control of continence is dependent on ... Read More

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Original Articles

Investigating the effect of muscles fatigue on the Center-of-pressure parameters during single leg landing in 20–30-year-old male basketball players

Bahareh Hajizadeh; ali Asghar Norasteh; Mohammad Mottaghitalab

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 27 August 2025

Abstract

Introduction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of fatigue on the Center-of-pressure parameters and the time to stability (TTS) in basketball players of 20 to ... Read More

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Letter to Editor

Potentials of ChatGPT-Introduced Lifestyle Changes (Physical Activity and Diet Restriction) to Overcome Obesity-Induced Subjective Tinnitus

Ali Mohamed Ali Ismail

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 15 September 2025

Abstract

Subjective tinnitus that strikes 13–17% of people worldwide is a perceptible/audible symptom of vibration/noise, hissing, buzzing, or humming that is consciously felt/heard in ... Read More Subjective tinnitus that strikes 13–17% of people worldwide is a perceptible/audible symptom of vibration/noise, hissing, buzzing, or humming that is consciously felt/heard in patients' ear(s) and is independent to external stimuli. Doctors (ear, nose, and throat doctors) cannot identify objective pathological indicators of the symptoms in the ears of sufferers, therefore only patients can experience/suffer the above-mentioned symptoms [1,2]. Many local auditory issues are usually linked to subjective tinnitus. Tinnitus may also be a sign of the worldwide health problem, obesity, and its associated cardiovascular risk factors or problems/complications such as hyperlipidemia and hyperinsulinemia. Due to risks related to oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, obese persons had a higher prevalence of subjective tinnitus than non-obese ones [3,4]. Because patients, as well as otorhinolaryngology professionals/physicians, frequently get unhappy with inadequate results of available pharmacological treatments for subjective tinnitus, complementary therapies are recommended [5]. Lifestyle changes (diet restriction and/or increased levels of physical exertion) are one of these recommended complementary/alternative therapies for subjective tinnitus in patients with obesity and/or cardiovascular risk factors. This approach was proven to be associated with an enhancement in tinnitus symptoms (vibration/noise, hissing, buzzing, or humming) in patients with cardiovascular risk factors [3,4]. Lifestyle changes are linked to a decrease in oxidative stress, vascular or endothelial dysfunctions, the general body's systemic inflammation, and blood flow impedance/resistance. Improvements in these parameters have a great/positive impact on cochlear microangiopathy that is frequently present/reported in patients with subjective tinnitus and cardiovascular risk factors, hence the repeated complaints of annoying subjective tinnitus improve [3]. Obese people with subjective tinnitus may benefit from common lifestyle adjustments/changes, although not every sufferer will experience these benefits. For certain fat people who experience subjective tinnitus, new artificial intelligence-based technologies/programs provide a simple/cheap solution. Subjective tinnitus patients with obesity may benefit from adopting ChatGPT, one of the artificial intelligence-based language-model technologies/programs that uses natural language processing to give human-like responses to text-based inquiries/questions [6,7]. Among the conceivable applications of ChatGPT in the management of subjective tinnitus related to obesity is the recommendation of customized lifestyle adjustments. By examining the medical history of a tinnitus sufferer, physical characteristics, tinnitus duration, and lifestyle, technology (ChatGPT) enables the provision of individualized guidance on obesity-related and subjective tinnitus-related health issues like dietary restriction courses/advice, nutritional schemes, physical activity enhancement, and mental health services. Additionally, ChatGPT can track the evolution of subjective tinnitus linked to obesity over time and adjust recommendations as required. This novel strategy (ChatGPT) could lead to more effective weight loss and tinnitus improvement. Especially with the recent documentation of the significant association between obesity-related complications (e.g peripheral arterial disease or atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, and high levels of glycated hemoglobin, and history of cardiovascular diseases) and hearing loss, ChatGPT may act as a predictive role modeling for obesity-related hearing complications by giving a piece of advice on how to prevent obesity-induced hearing loss in subjective tinnitus patients. Supplying ChatGPT with the patient's data on the above-mentioned onset/history of obesity-related complications may predict the onset of hearing loss and how to prevent it. However, there are issues/obstacles with the use of ChatGPT in the treatment of obese tinnitus patients. One potential issue/obstacle is the ethical utilization of this technology, ChatGPT, to recommend lifestyle changes to obese tinnitus patients. There are concerns about the likelihood of bias or misprocessing of the obese tinnitus patients' data, which may make sufferers unwilling to engage this technology in their medical priority. Data security for obese tinnitus patients is likewise a concern, as is the potential for compromises/hacks. Other problems that limit the use of this technology, ChatGPT, by obese tinnitus patients may be delimited to weak/slow internet speed and incorrect/harmful lifestyle recommendations/advice.

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Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 15 September 2025

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