Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences & Research

Audiological Findings of Speech Perception in Noise Test and Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale Questionnaire in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Ahmad Reza _Zamani; Sima Tajik; Somayeh Falahzadeh; Mina Bandad; Seyyed Mohammad Reza Taghavi; Farshid Oliaei

Volume 10, Issue 3 , September 2023, , Pages 151-156

Abstract

  Background: The study aims to investigate the impact of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) on the auditory processing abilities of patients, including uremic neuropathy. The impairment of ...  Read More Background: The study aims to investigate the impact of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) on the auditory processing abilities of patients, including uremic neuropathy. The impairment of auditory processing may result in communication, social, and emotional problems in their lives. Accordingly, this study analyzes the communication abilities and speech perception of noise in CKD patients to identify potential auditory disorders rapidly.Methods: In this cross-sectional-comparative study, the authors randomly selected 30 CKD patients and 29 normal adults aged 20-55, all of whom had normal peripheral hearing. The participants underwent the consonant-vowel (CV) test with five signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) and silence. Additionally, the participants completed the speech, spatial, and qualities of hearing scale questionnaire (SSQ), which consisted of three subscales. The scores of the two groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test.Results: In both groups, the recognition scores for consonant-vowel decreased as the noise level increased. However, the normal group consistently outperformed the CKD patients at all noise levels. Regarding the three subscales of the SSQ, the patients obtained lower scores than the normal group, but this difference was not statistically significant.Conclusions: Chronic renal failure appears to have a negative impact on speech perception abilities in noise, suggesting auditory neurological involvement in CKD. Although patient self-assessment did not indicate any speech processing disability, conducting regular and periodic assessments of central hearing in CKD patients is still advisable. Early diagnosis of hearing disability can help mitigate its consequences, and appropriate rehabilitation measures should be taken if a disability is detected. 

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Rehabilitation Educators′ Perceptions of Clinical Education Challenges in Iran: Is COVID-19 Having Redundant Effects?

Zeinab Rashidi; Neda Orakifar; Meimanat Akbari; Razieh Mofateh; Fereshteh Zamani-Alavijeh; Marzieh Araban

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, , Pages 173-179

Abstract

  Background: Clinical education is a core component of the curriculum of undergraduate rehabilitation students. Nevertheless, this field more than any other field of education has many ...  Read More Background: Clinical education is a core component of the curriculum of undergraduate rehabilitation students. Nevertheless, this field more than any other field of education has many shortcomings that should be addressed.Methods: The aim of this study was to explore the challenges of clinical education from the perspective of rehabilitation educators with particular focus on the new challenges created bythe COVID-19 outbreak. This qualitative study was conducted through purposeful sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 rehabilitation clinical educators of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Data analysis was accomplished according to conventional content analysis. To prove the trustworthiness of the data, credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability were assessed.Results: Through data analysis, 240 initial codes were extracted in three main categories and nine sub-categories, indicating redundant challenges imposed by COVID-19 comprising restricted clinical resources (inadequate patient number and diversity, inadequate equipment, limited clinical space, inadequate manpower), an inefficient clinical education system (poor management of clinical education programs, insufficient clinical evaluation), and personal and professional characteristics of the students (lack of students’ practical knowledge, lack of motivation, fear).Conclusion: The results of this study provide deeper insight into the perceptions and experiences of rehabilitation educators regarding clinical education challenges. At present, an accidental and unexpected problematic event (COVID-19 pandemic) has inflicted detrimental effects on various aspects of clinical rehabilitation sciences. It is necessary to implement changes in future plans which include adaptations for COVID-19. 

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Effects of Regular Aerobic with Nasal Breathing Exercise Training on Olfactory Rehabilitation in Asthmatic Patients with Chronic Rhino Sinusitis

Azam Zarneshan

Volume 7, Issue 4 , December 2020, , Pages 178-183

Abstract

  Background:Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is the most common cause of smell loss and has a strong association with asthma. Breathing exercise training has been known to be an effective ...  Read More Background:Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is the most common cause of smell loss and has a strong association with asthma. Breathing exercise training has been known to be an effective treatment for decreasing asthma symptoms. However, its effect on the olfactory disorder in asthmatic patients with CRS is unknown. This research aimed to investigate the effects of regular aerobic with nasal breathing exercise trainingon olfactory rehabilitation in asthmatic patients with CRS. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, thirty-five inactive asthmatic women with CRS and olfaction disorder (mean age = 34.7±7.5 years) were selected and grouped into experimental (n=18) and control (n=17) groups. The experimental group participated in an aerobic and breathing exercise program (60 min/day, three days a week), and the control group refrained from participating in regular exercise for 12 weeks. Self-rated olfactory acuity and function questionnaires were used to assess changes in exercise-induced olfactory acuity and function. Results: After 12 weeks, the exercise group improved smell function (p =0.002) and exhibited significantly increased acuity in smelling the odor of gas (p =0.019) compared with the control group. BMI decreased (p =0.019) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1( increased (p =0.002) significantly in the exercise group. There was a negative relationship between mean change in BMI and mean change in acuity in smelling the odor of gas (r=-0.381, p =0.024). Conclusion: According to the self-report olfactory acuity and function questionnaires, the improvement in the smell function of asthmatic patients with chronic sinusitis after 12 weeks of regular aerobic with nasal breathing exercise was promising and should be studied further.  

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Cohesive Properties in the Discourse of Persian-speaking with Transcortical Motor Aphasia

Omid Azad

Volume 8, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 182-188

Abstract

  Background: Although discourse properties of aphasic patients have beeninvestigated utilizing microlinguistic as well as macrolinguistic approaches, therehave been only a few studies ...  Read More Background: Although discourse properties of aphasic patients have beeninvestigated utilizing microlinguistic as well as macrolinguistic approaches, therehave been only a few studies in the Persian setting which have tried to investigatediscourse properties of these brain-damaged patients. Previous researchers haveconcentrated mainly on the two most notorious types of aphasia, namely Brocaand Wernicke. Thus, the coherence properties of transcortical motor patientshave never been given serious consideration by scientists. The current studyaimed to investigate whether and how transcortical aphasia patients differ fromtheir healthy counterparts in the cohesive properties of their discourse with theaim of presenting an exhaustive account of the issue and filling the gap existingin the literature.Methods: In doing so, via mixed-methods approach, cohesive devices in thediscourse of six transcortical motor aphasics (3 participants of each gender,mean age, 56.9 years) and 6 healthy non-aphasic controls (3 participants of eachgender, mean age=57.4 years) were compared.Results: The results corroborate our hypotheses that the discourse oftranscortical aphasics is less cohesive than that of healthy individuals, and theyhave lots of challenges in constructing grammatically cohesive devices.Conclusion: The findings further demonstrate that discourse could be differentlydisrupted in diverse forms of aphasia. It is recommended that more research beconducted on different languages so as to shed more light on the issue, enrichingour understanding of the nature of this disease.

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Effect of Priority and Delay of Prone Positioning and Chest Physiotherapy on Respiratory Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Ali Rezaee Chamanabad; Mehrnaz Kajbafvala; holakoo Mohsenifar

Volume 10, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 209-215

Abstract

  Background: COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is a novel coronavirus that has led to a global pandemic. Physiotherapy is among the beneficial treatments for this disease. This ...  Read More Background: COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is a novel coronavirus that has led to a global pandemic. Physiotherapy is among the beneficial treatments for this disease. This study investigated the impact of the priority and delay of prone positioning and chest physiotherapy (CPT) on patients with COVID-19. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted involving 26 COVID-19 patients who were randomly assigned to two groups: one group prioritizing prone positioning over chest physiotherapy (comprising seven men and six women, with an average age of 67.46 ± 5.91) and the other group prioritizing CPT over prone positioning (comprising eight men and five women, with an average age of 68.38 ± 5.85). Respiratory outcomes, including SpO2, PaO2, FiO2, FEV1, and FVC, were measured using pulse oximetry, arterial blood gas analysis (ABG), and spirometry). FEV1/FVC and SpO2/FiO2 ratios were evaluated both before and after the intervention Results: The demographic characteristics of the patients and the baseline respiratory outcomes between the two groups did not exhibit significant differences (P > 0.05). A significant difference was observed in respiratory outcomes within each group before and after the intervention (P < 0.05). However, after the intervention, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of respiratory outcomes (P > 0.05) Conclusion: Both prioritizing prone positioning over CPT and prioritizing CPT over prone positioning appeared to improve each respiratory outcome. Nevertheless, it was not observed that prioritizing or delaying prone positioning and CPT improved respiratory outcomes in patients with COVID-19.    

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The effect of 8-weeks Self-Myofascial Release Therapy on Joint Position Sense and dynamic balance in athletes with hamstring shortness

Mohammad Hamzeh Shalamzari; Hooman Minoonejad; Foad Seidi

Volume 7, Issue 1 , March 2020, , Pages 36-42

Abstract

  Background: Increased joint stability as well as the ability to maintain balance during typical daily activities and exercise is an important factor in improving performance and preventing ...  Read More Background: Increased joint stability as well as the ability to maintain balance during typical daily activities and exercise is an important factor in improving performance and preventing injury. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight-weeks of Self-Myofascial Release therapy (SMR) on knee joint position sense (KJPS) and dynamic balance (DB) in collegiate male athletes with hamstring shortness (HS). Methods: In this quasi-experimental study (randomized control trial), 24 collegiate male athletes with HS were randomly selected and randomly divided into experimental (n = 12) and control (n = 12) groups. KJPS was measured with an isokinetic dynamometer and DB using the Y balance test before and after 8 weeks of SMR. The results were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 as well as dependent T-tests and covariance analysis. The significance level was considered 95% and alpha equal to or less than 0.05. Results: The outcomes of the dependent t-test showed that dynamic balance test scores (in all three directions of anterior, Posteromedial, Posterolateral and overall Y-score) increased in the SMR group compared to the control group (P = 0.001) but no significant difference was observed in KJPS values between the two groups (P = 0.493). Conclusion: Based on the results, it seems that SMR foam rolling is not suitable for increasing KJPS accurateness of athletes with a short hamstring, but these exercises can be used to improve dynamic balance.

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Comparison of the efficiency of two taping techniques in reducing thoracic kyphosis among girls aged 18-30 years

Farzaneh Moslemi Haghighi; Katayoon Rezaei; Zahra Etminan; Habibollah Lari

Volume 6, Issue 1 , March 2019, , Pages 41-46

Abstract

  Background: Kyphosis means an abnormal increase in the curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column and refers to a situation where the thoracic kyphosis range is more than ...  Read More Background: Kyphosis means an abnormal increase in the curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column and refers to a situation where the thoracic kyphosis range is more than forty five degrees. Vertebral column taping seems to be one of the most effective ways of treating kyphosis. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effect of two taping techniques in reducing the degree of kyphosis in girls aged 18-30 years. Methods: Thirty-two volunteers were randomly assigned into two groups (n=19 per group) of V–shaped tape and I-shaped tape. Taping techniques were performed as follows by applying 50% tensile force: V–shaped tape: The tape started on both sides of the anterior of acromioclavicular joint and extended to the spinous process of T6 vertebra. I–shaped tape: The patient's body was kept in a standing and straight state and then a longitudinal tape was applied from T1 to the deepest lumbar lordosis region. The measurements were carried out before, immediately, 24, and 48 hours after taping by a flexible ruler in a similar manner. Data analysis was performed using Friedman Test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann Whitney Test. Results: The results of this study showed a significant reduction in the degree of kyphosis in the case of the V-shaped tape 48 hours after taping. However, the degree of kyphosis decreased after 24 h (P = 0.001) and 48 hours (P< 0001) in the I-shaped tape group. In addition, there was no significant difference between the two interventions in terms of decreasing the degree of kyphosis at any time interval except for 24 hours (P=0.043). Conclusion: Taping reduces the degree of kyphosis by creating mechanical support, creating proprioceptive feedback, affecting the proprioception, improving the function of spinal erectors, and improving the mental image of the body with kyphosis. It appears that the I-shaped tape positioning on the alignment of spinal erectors spine makes it more effective.

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The Effects of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting on Postural Balance

Sara Abolahrari-Shirazi; Farahnaz Emami; Zahra Rojhani-Shirazi; Mansour Janati; Mersa Razeghi

Volume 9, Issue 1 , March 2022, , Pages 42-46

Abstract

  Background: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery is associatedwith several complications. Balance disorders have been reported in patients.The impairments were associated with ...  Read More Background: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery is associatedwith several complications. Balance disorders have been reported in patients.The impairments were associated with fall-related injuries and increase thepossibility of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The present studyaimed to compare postural balance before and after CABG surgery in patientswith established coronary artery disease.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 87 patients aged 45-65years who had undergone CABG surgery through the great saphenous vein.Participants were enrolled into the study by convenience sampling. To assessstatic balance, individuals were asked to perform the Single Leg Stance Test(SLST). In addition, dynamic balance was measured by the Y-balance test, andthe Functional Reach Test (FRT) was conducted before and after CABG surgery.These clinical tests were performed during the week before surgery and repeatedone month after that. Paired t-test was used to compare the Y-balance scores,and Wilcoxon test was used to compare the mean values of other outcomesbefore and after CABG surgery. A level of P<0.05 was considered statisticallysignificant.Results: The results revealed a significant decrease in static and dynamic balanceafter CABG surgery (P<0.001). A significant reduction was also observed in themean FRT scores in the postoperative period (P<0.001).Conclusion: CABG surgery through the great saphenous vein influencedbalance in patients with coronary artery disease.

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Comparing the Effect of 8 Weeks of Total Body Resistance Exercise and Core Stability Training on Selected Common Abnormalities and Postural Control in Deaf Adolescents

Foroogh Zakeri; Farzaneh Taghian

Volume 7, Issue 2 , June 2020, , Pages 87-95

Abstract

  Background: Deafness is the most common sensory-neurological defect in human beings. This study aimed to compare the effect of 8 weeks of Total Body Resistance )TRX( and core stability ...  Read More Background: Deafness is the most common sensory-neurological defect in human beings. This study aimed to compare the effect of 8 weeks of Total Body Resistance )TRX( and core stability training on balance and some common abnormalities among deaf adolescents. Methods: This study was conducted with a two-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study design. The participants included in this study were 20 hearing-impaired students with a degree of deafness between 71-90 dB in Bandar Abbas city who were purposefully selected and then randomly assigned into two groups, as TRX (N=10) and core stability training (N=10). In this study, static balance, dynamic balance, kyphosis and lumbar lordosis, and forward head were measured before and after eight weeks in both groups using one-leg stance test, Y balance test, flexible ruler, and goniometer, respectively. The core stability training consisted of 10 different exercises in the core in terms of the progressing and the TRX protocols. Moreover, these exercises were performed 3 sessions per week for an 8-week period (1 day in between), and each session lasted for 40 minutes. The dependent and independent t-tests were also used to perform the intra-group and inter-group comparisons, respectively. The statistical significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The research results show that the abnormalities in the two methods of static balance with open and closed eyes as well as dynamic balance were equally evaluated based on the independent t-test and there was no significant difference between these two methods (p ≥ 0.05). Also, in the forward head, kyphosis, and lordosis variables, the performances of these two methods to reduce the abnormalities were equally evaluated. In this regard, no significant difference was observed between the performances of these two methods (p ≥ 0.05). However, there was a significant difference between the effects of TRX exercises and core stability training on dynamic balance (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, to reduce abnormalities and improve balance in deaf children, both methods can be considered as effective with no difference.

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Vestibular Assessment and Rehabilitation in Three Patients with Covid-19 Induced Vestibular Neuritis.

sadegh jafarzadeh

Volume 9, Issue 2 , June 2022, , Pages 89-92

Abstract

  Background: COVID-19 could induce vestibular neuritis in some patients, and there is limited information on their vestibular evaluation and rehabilitation.Methods: Three cases infected ...  Read More Background: COVID-19 could induce vestibular neuritis in some patients, and there is limited information on their vestibular evaluation and rehabilitation.Methods: Three cases infected by COVID-19-induced vestibular neuritis underwent vestibular evaluation and rehabilitation. They showed unilateral dysfunction in caloric and video head impulse tests. A home-based vestibular rehabilitation (VR) was used for their treatment.Results: Although the symptoms in one patient significantly improved, she still had a mild episode of vertigo. The other two patients completely recovered. They also had no remaining vertigo or imbalance at the end of VR. The final physical examinations were normal, and the total score onthe Dizziness Handicap Inventory showed no handicapping.Conclusion: VR could be effective in the management of COVID-19-induced vestibular neuritis. So, we could expect a good recovery similar to other disorders with unilateral vestibular hypo-function.

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Occupational therapy students' perception and experience of an effective clinical teacher

Sahar Ghanbari; Fereshteh Ghaderi; Ali Reza Jamali

Volume 8, Issue 2 , June 2021, , Pages 90-96

Abstract

  Background: Clinical education provides an opportunity for students to acquire necessary competency in the clinical education wards (CEWs) through applying knowledge in a controlled ...  Read More Background: Clinical education provides an opportunity for students to acquire necessary competency in the clinical education wards (CEWs) through applying knowledge in a controlled clinical setting. Different Studies have reported that from the students’ point of view, clinical teachers’ competence and virtues are the most important factors for facilitating clinical education. This study was conducted to understand the viewpoints and experiences of second-year occupational therapy students of a competent clinical teacher. Methods: In this study, a qualitative content analysis method was utilized. Focus groups were formed in two stages with the participation of five students. After focus group meetings and data analysis, individual interviews continued to acquire data saturation. ‏The codes were extracted based on meaning units. Results: Five hundred twenty-one open codes were extracted which were classified into 25 subcategories and three main categories. The interviewees enumerated many different characteristics for an effective clinical teacher. Conclusions: From the perspective of second-year undergraduate OT students, an effective clinical teacher has specific personal and professional characteristics. Proper planning in OT departments consistent with the goals and content of theoretical as well as clinical courses, plus selecting the right people with sufficient clinical experience who are interested in differ

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Comparison of maximum voluntary contraction positions for serratus anterior muscle in men with scapular dyskinesis: Electromyography analysis

Mohammad Bayattork; Foad Seidi; Hooman Minoonejad; Arezoo Shahriarpour

Volume 6, Issue 2 , June 2019, , Pages 91-94

Abstract

  Background:The purpose of this study was to quantify the surface EMG activity of the serratus anterior muscle during two main test positions performed with the maximum effort by the ...  Read More Background:The purpose of this study was to quantify the surface EMG activity of the serratus anterior muscle during two main test positions performed with the maximum effort by the subjects with scapular dyskinesis. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 30 men (aged 18 to 28) who were suffering from scapular dyskinesis. Scapular dyskinesis was measured by scapular dyskinesis test and surface EMG was employed to record the EMG activity of the serratus anterior during two common positions of maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Results: The results revealed that there is no significant difference in the mean EMG activity of the serratus anterior muscle during two MVIC testing positions (P=0.846). Notably, the test-retest ICC scores for the EMG recordings during position 1 (P=0.97) and position 2 (P=0.96) were excellent. Conclusion: It was found that no one muscle test produced the highest MVIC for all subjects. Therefore, to perform normalization of every muscle within each subject, it is suggested that two tests identified in this study be performed which usually produce high levels of EMG activity.

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Effects of Exercise Therapy Plus Quadriceps, Gluteus Medius and Quadratus Lumborum Muscles Self-myofascial Release on Pain, Function, and Balance in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome through Telerehabilitation: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial

Safoora Akhavan Hariri; Sara Abolahrari-Shirazi; Leila Abbasi

Volume 10, Issue 2 , June 2023, , Pages 93-99

Abstract

  Background: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common knee pathologies that is highly prevalent in adolescents and adults. Patients who suffer from this syndrome ...  Read More Background: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common knee pathologies that is highly prevalent in adolescents and adults. Patients who suffer from this syndrome usually experience weakness in the hip and knee muscles, as well as myofascial trigger points in the lumbopelvic- hip region, which can negatively impact their lower limb biomechanics. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise therapy combined with self-myofascial release (SMFR) techniques for quadriceps, gluteus medius, and quadratus lumborum muscles on pain, function, and balance in these patients through telerehabilitation.Methods: The study will be a prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial, involving 60 patients who will be randomly allocated to either an experimental group that will receive four weeks of exercise therapy with SMFR techniques through telerehabilitation or a control group that will receive four weeks of exercise therapy only in the same manner.  The outcome measures will include pain, pressure pain threshold, function, and balance. Data will be collected at baseline, at the end of treatment and two weeks after treatment.Results: Ultimately, the results of this study will provide evidence regarding the efficacy of exercise therapy combined with SMFR techniques for quadriceps, gluteus medius, and quadratus lumborum muscles on pain, function, and balance in patients with PFPS through telerehabilitation.

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Numerical Simulation of the Early Stages of Glaucoma in Human Eye

Ali Reza Tahavvor; Mohsen Gholami

Volume 7, Issue 3 , September 2020, , Pages 134-140

Abstract

  Background: The eye is one of the most vital organs of human body, and glaucoma is the second-leading cause of blindness after cataracts in the world. However, glaucoma is the leading ...  Read More Background: The eye is one of the most vital organs of human body, and glaucoma is the second-leading cause of blindness after cataracts in the world. However, glaucoma is the leading cause of preventable blindness. The main objective of this study is to investigate intraocular pressure (IOP), stress, strain, and deformation in the retina in early stages of glaucoma. Methods: In this study, a model of the human eye is numerically investigated. The aqueous humor pressure is considered as 30, 35, and 40 mmHg and compared with normal eye pressure. The problem is considered as transient 3D and accurate. Comparison between obtained results shows that the model has been applied. Eye components are also considered with their real properties. Due to the inappreciable effects of turbulence and temperature variation, these effects have been neglected. To determine the pressure field, a two-way fluid-structure interaction is applied, and then, the results are used in a one-way fluid-structure interaction to determine the amount of stress, strain, and deformation of the retina. Results: The maximum deformation in the retina of a glaucoma patient is about 0.33 mm higher than a normal eye, the maximum stress is about 1,300 Pa higher than a normal eye, and the maximum strain is about 0.06 higher than a normal eye. Conclusion: In patients with increased IOP, the amount of deformation in the retina has increased, and the maximum deformation occurs near the optic disc in all cases. Furthermore, maximum stress and maximum strain occur at the place of maximum deformation.

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Sentence Repetition Task as a Measure to Detect Developmental Language Disorder in Persian

Mohammad Majid Oryadi-Zanjani; Pardis Yari; Zahra Kalkateh

Volume 9, Issue 3 , September 2022, , Pages 134-137

Abstract

  Background Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a common disorder in childhood. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of Persian-speaking children on sentence ...  Read More Background Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a common disorder in childhood. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of Persian-speaking children on sentence repetition task (SRT) as a measure to detect DLD.MethodsAs a cross-sectional and observational study, seven 5-to-7-year-old Persian-speaking children with DLD and thirty normal peers were studied using the Persian version of test of language development (TOLD-P: 3) as a diagnostic test and SRT. Finally, the performance of two groups on the SRT was compared by statistical tests at the significance level of 0.05.ResultsThe score of SRT between the children suspected to have DLD and their normal peers were significantly different (P<0.05). Indeed, there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of the mean scores of prepositions (P<0.01), conjunctions (P<0.01), plural case (P<0.01), subject-verb agreement (P<0.05), and word order (P<0.05).ConclusionThe SRT can be used as a promising measure for early detection and intervention of Persian-speaking children with DLD.

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Use of Evidence to Reduce the Load of Therapy: Occupational Therapy for Cerebral Palsy

saeedeh Pourahmad; mohadeseh balvardi; Somayeh Kavousipor

Volume 8, Issue 3 , September 2021, , Pages 139-143

Abstract

  Background: Occupational therapy outcomes for motor improvement aredifferent among the children with cerebral palsy to determine the effectivefactors related to gross motor achievement ...  Read More Background: Occupational therapy outcomes for motor improvement aredifferent among the children with cerebral palsy to determine the effectivefactors related to gross motor achievement in the children with Cerebral palsy(CP), the present project was designed.Methods: In a quasi-experimental study, 59 CP patients with Gross MotorFunction Classification System (GMFCS) 1-4 were evaluated by Gross MotorFunction Measure (GMFM). They were referred to four centers in Shiraz, Iran,in 2015. Results of therapy were monitoring five times during six months foreach participant, according to achievement to stages of GMFM, and marginalmodeling method was utilized.Results: The results revealed the significance of some factors including, age atstarting occupational therapy services, number of sessions per week, type ofspastic, level four of socio economic status (SES), grade two of GMFCS, and timeeffect on the outcome (upgrade to a higher level on each occasion) (p <0.05).Conclusion: Based on the odds ratio (OR) values, the number of occupationaltherapy sessions per week had the most positive effect on gross motor functionupgrade for at least two half times. Age at starting occupational therapy servicewas the second important factor in the outcome. However, spending more timefor therapy and early starting relates to family characteristics and also financialsupport.

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Effect of resistance training and mindfulness on erectile dysfunction in addicts who were quitting addiction

Moslem Safdariyan Dehkordi; Rokhsareh Badami; Farzaneh Thaghian

Volume 6, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 143-147

Abstract

  Background: Addiction is one of the greatest problems of human societies, which not only causes social and behavioral disorders but also affects different aspects of health and imposes ...  Read More Background: Addiction is one of the greatest problems of human societies, which not only causes social and behavioral disorders but also affects different aspects of health and imposes huge financial loss on individuals, families, and society. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of resistance training and mindfulness on the sexual function of addicted people.  Methods: The present study is an experimental research conducted using a pretest-posttest design with a control group. Participants of this study consisted of 50 married men aged 30-45; since their referral to addiction treatment centers in Shahrekord two weeks had passed. They were selected using convenience sampling method and matched based on the age range and history of addiction and divided into four groups of resistance training, mindfulness, combined (resistance training and mindfulness), and control. The resistance and combined training groups participated in resistance training for 8 weeks. The mindfulness and combined training groups participated in mindfulness therapy training for 8 weeks. During this period, the control group performed their daily activities. Before and after the intervention, data were collected using an erectile dysfunction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using covariance. Results:  All three types of intervention, including resistance training (P≤0.001), mindfulness training (P≤0.006), and combined training (P≤0.001), lead to the improvement of sexual performance. Additionally, combined training was more effective compared to the other two methods (P≤0.001). Conclusion: In order to improve the sexual performance of addicts, physical exercise and mindfulness training can be used. The simultaneous use of both methods has a greater influence on the improvement of sexual performance due to the addicts benefitting from the effects of two types of intervention. 

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Comparison of the General Health of Parents of Hearing-Impaired Children with Early and Late Intervention

Nasrin Gohari; Seyede Faranak Emami; Bahareh Khavarghazalani

Volume 10, Issue 3 , September 2023, , Pages 157-161

Abstract

  Background: Late identification and intervention of hearing loss in children negatively impact their hearing, language, and cognitive skills. Parents of hearing-impaired children (HIC) ...  Read More Background: Late identification and intervention of hearing loss in children negatively impact their hearing, language, and cognitive skills. Parents of hearing-impaired children (HIC) often experience high stress levels and depression. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of early intervention on the general health of parents of HIC.Method: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted with parents of moderate to severe HIC who received either early or late intervention. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), which measures four subscales of physical symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction, and depression, was administered to both groups of parents. The independent t-test, analysis of variance, and the Tukey test were employed to compare general health and its subscales between the two groups.Results: A significant difference (Pv = 0.042) was found between the overall general health scores of parents (both fathers and mothers) of HIC with early interventions and parents of HIC with late interventions, particularly on the social dysfunction subscale (Pv = 0.003). Mothers of children with late interventions exhibited a greater disturbance on the GHQ's social dysfunction subscale than other parents (Pv < 0.05).Conclusion: Early intervention improves the general health of HIC's parents, especially in the social dysfunction subscale. However, late intervention appears to have a more pronounced impact on the general health and social function of HIC mothers than other parents. 

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Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders risk factors and ergonomic assessment of posture among senior students of Rehabilitation School of Shiraz University: a cross-sectional study

Mostafa Mehraban Jahromi; Sara Abolahrari-Shirazi; Sahar Safari; Farzaneh Moslemi Haghighi

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, , Pages 180-184

Abstract

  Objective: The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and evaluate the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in senior students ...  Read More Objective: The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and evaluate the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in senior students at the Rehabilitation School of Shiraz University.Methods: Fifty-three senior physical and occupational therapy students with an average age of 22-42 years participated in this cross-sectional study. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to evaluate work-related musculoskeletal disorders, and postural analysis was performed using Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA).Results: In this study, a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in the lower back, hand, neck, and shoulder regions was observed. Approximately 47% of the students reported having experienced lower back pain in the past 12 months, and this disability was the most common disorder (23%) among the study population. The results of sub-group analysis based on sex showed the lower back to be the body region with the highest prevalence of pain. Based on the body mass index (BMI), the neck was highly reported as a site of pain. In addition, the REBA results revealed that 36% and 49% of the senior students in this study had a high and medium risk level for developing musculoskeletal disorders, respectively.Conclusion: The current results indicate that lower back pain is the most common musculoskeletal disorder among senior physiotherapy and occupational therapy students. This research also shows that based on the REBA tool, 36% of the senior students were at high risk for developing musculoskeletal disorders. 

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Comparison of the Average Forward Head Angle of Male and Female Students in Three Educational Levels

Reza Rajabi; mohammad karimizadeh ardakani; Hooman Minoonejad; Ehsan Abshenas; Mohsen Naderi Beni

Volume 7, Issue 4 , December 2020, , Pages 184-188

Abstract

  Background: Forward head posture is a major postural deformity in the head and neck area. Considering the importance and secondary consequences of this deformity, current study aims ...  Read More Background: Forward head posture is a major postural deformity in the head and neck area. Considering the importance and secondary consequences of this deformity, current study aims at investigating this deformity among boys and girls of different educational levels of Tehran universities. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive and field study (causal-comparative). A total of 1017 students, 511 girls (age: 23.74±3.91, height: 162.42±7.14, weight: 57.33±8.87) and 506 boys (age: 23.82±3.57, height: 174.70±7.97, weight: 69.19±12.18) were selected. Their forward head angle was measured 3 times by a specific goniometer and the subjects' final angle was considered as the average of three measurements. Data were analyzed using SPSS V.22 software and the two-way ANOVA, Tukey and one-way ANOVA tests. Results: The results of one-way ANOVA analysis showed a significant difference in the head angle of the students at different educational levels (p <0.05). The results of Tukey post-hoc test showed a significant difference between post-graduate and undergraduate female students and doctoral female students (p <0.05). Also, there was a significant difference only between male undergraduate students and male doctoral students (p <0.05). The results of two-way ANOVA showed that gender and educational level factors had a significant effect on head angle (p <0.05), but neither factor had an interaction effect on head angle (P>0.05).   Conclusion: According to the results of this study, educational level and gender were the major factors in the development of forward head posture, so considering these two variables could be effective in prevention, control, and correction of related deformities. Background: Forward head posture is a major postural deformity in the head and neck area. Considering the importance and secondary consequences of this deformity, current study aims at investigating this deformity among boys and girls of different educational levels of Tehran universities.  

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Postural Stability in Patients with Moderate Knee Osteoarthritis: Roles of Visual Feedback and Dynamic Perturbations

Iman Hosseini; Mohammed N. Ashtiani; Farid Bahrpeyma

Volume 8, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 189-197

Abstract

  Background: Knee osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease and aleading cause of disability in old age. The present study aims to analyze thestability of standing with and without ...  Read More Background: Knee osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease and aleading cause of disability in old age. The present study aims to analyze thestability of standing with and without perturbation in patients with moderateknee osteoarthritis.Methods: Twenty-eight people (14 men with knee osteoarthritis and 14 healthyindividuals) were evaluated for postural control in this observational crosssectionalstudy. In standing tests, the effects of disease (osteoarthritis vs.healthy), vision (open vs. closed eyes), and support condition (quiet standing vs.on the unstable plate) on balance were studied.Results: The results showed that the presence of knee osteoarthritis significantlyreduced the root mean square of hip joint flexion in patients compared to thecontrol group (P= .024). The elimination of vision and reducing the base ofsupport by standing on an unstable plate led to local instability in the joints closeto the perturbation, especially the ankle (p <0.001). The center of pressure dataalso showed that the mean (P=0.034) and variability (P=0.003) of the anteriorposteriorexcursion was significantly higher in patients. Patients with kneeosteoarthritis are more vulnerable to falling on an unstable plate.Conclusion: The body uses a postural stiffening strategy to prevent fallingforward, especially on an unstable plate, and postural adjusting in the mediolateraldirection. In rehabilitative treatments to prevent falls based on the sensoryre-organization plans, e.g., rocking board, foam standing, game therapy, etc., itmay be more efficient to focus on the distal joint muscles.

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Effect of Eight Weeks of Sensorimotor Training on Knee Proprioception and Balance in Elderly Women: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Nasim Shahravan; Sajad Roshani; Afshin Moghadasi

Volume 10, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 216-221

Abstract

  Background: A common issue experienced by the elderly, often due to specific diseases or the natural aging process, is a decline in balance and posture control. This study aimed to ...  Read More Background: A common issue experienced by the elderly, often due to specific diseases or the natural aging process, is a decline in balance and posture control. This study aimed to investigate the impact of an eight-week sensorimotor training program on the balance and proprioception of older women. Methods: This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted with the participation of older women aged 60-75 who frequented gyms in Urmia. From this population, thirty older women were randomly selected, meeting specific inclusion criteria, and were purposively divided into two groups: the experimental group (with an average age of 70.06±2.64 years, height of 156.13±6.14 cm, and weight of 73.11±7.81 kg) and the control group (with an average age of 67.93±2.12 years, height of 154.15±7.22 cm, and weight of 70.83±5.22 kg). The experimental group underwent an 8-week sensorimotor training program, consisting of three sessions per week, while the control group did not receive any training. Knee proprioception was assessed before and after the training by capturing photographs at a flexion angle of 40-60 degrees while standing. Additionally, static and dynamic balance was evaluated using the Sharpened Romberg Test and Time of Up and Go Test, respectively. The collected data were analyzed using ANCOVA, and the significance level was set at P≤0.05. Results: After the training intervention, the experimental group exhibited a noteworthy decrease in the absolute error of angle reconstruction (P=0.001). Moreover, there was a substantial enhancement in both static balance, with eyes open and closed (P=0.001), and dynamic balance (P=0.001) compared to the control group. Conclusion: the results of this study suggest that sensorimotor training can effectively enhance proprioception and improve balance in elderly individuals. This improvement is attributed to the positive impact of sensorimotor training, particularly in closed-chain movements, which strengthens the proprioceptive feedback from the muscles of the lower limbs. Consequently, this contributes to better balance and proprioception in older adults.    

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The Study of the Effect of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Therapy in Children with Absent Gag Reflex: A Case Study

Shiva Ebrahimian Dehaghani; Maryam Ebrahimian; Fateme Mohammadianfar

Volume 7, Issue 1 , March 2020, , Pages 43-46

Abstract

  Research shows that 1% of children experience swallowing difficulties, though the incidence is higher in some, such as those with cerebral palsy and brain injury. One of the causes ...  Read More Research shows that 1% of children experience swallowing difficulties, though the incidence is higher in some, such as those with cerebral palsy and brain injury. One of the causes of pharyngeal phase dysphagia is the absent gag reflex. The aim of this case study was to investigate the effects of sensory stimulation combined with Neuro Muscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) on dysphagia and gag reflex. This study was conducted on a 2.5-year-old child with midbrain disorders and absence of oral swallowing and gag reflex. At the beginning of the treatment, sensory-tactile stimulation were provided which induced successful oral swallowing. The treatment was then continued with NMES along with stimulations of the sensory-tactile receptor. Over 26 sessions of NMES, the gag reflex was induced by a 2-second stimulation of the posterior pharyngeal wall, and the time interval between suctions increased to two hours. The present Study showed that NMES activates and strengthens the muscles involved in swallowing.

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Long term medical treatment and vestibular rehabilitation in a patient with complicated active bilateral Meniere’s disease

Sadegh Jafarzadeh; Mohammad Reza Golrokhian Sani

Volume 6, Issue 1 , March 2019, , Pages 47-50

Abstract

  Background: Bilateral Meniere’s disease presents with attacks of vertigo leading to severe imbalance and oscillopsia. Sometimes, treatment of bilateral Meniere’s disease ...  Read More Background: Bilateral Meniere’s disease presents with attacks of vertigo leading to severe imbalance and oscillopsia. Sometimes, treatment of bilateral Meniere’s disease is challenging. The following case report presents an appropriate and successful management for a complicated Bilateral Meniere’s disease. Presentation of Case: Patient was a 42 years male referred with severe attacks of vertigo, severe to profound bilateral hearing loss and severe tinnitus as well as imbalance. Vestibular assessment was done with electronystagmography, head impulse test, cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential that showed bilateral and widespread vestibular abnormality in the semicircular canals and otolith systems. Patient had different medical treatments before referring to us and we started some medical and rehabilitation treatments based on his unstable conditions and followed him up for over three years. Discussion: Vestibular rehabilitation is an approach for the management of many vestibular abnormalities such as Meniere’s disease. It could help to resolve vertigo and imbalance in acute and chronic stage of Meniere’s disease. Conclusion: Vestibular rehabilitation may be helpful in controlling the acute symptoms and helps to improve imbalance and oscillopsia.

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Handgrip and Quadriceps Strength as Independent Predictors of Post-Stroke Depression and Anxiety

Adekola Babatunde Ademoyegun; Adebukola Grace Ibitoye; Chidozie Emmanuel Mbada; Oluwatobi Elijah Malomo; Omotola Ibitayo Adelowokan; Ishanosen Abidemi Aghedo; Wasiu Abiodun Rasaq; Bobola Moradeke Adeoye; Mistura Iyabo Olaoye

Volume 9, Issue 1 , March 2022, , Pages 47-52

Abstract

  Background: The objective of this study was to whether handgrip andquadriceps strength can predict post-stroke depression (PSD) and post-strokeanxiety (PSA).Methods: This cross-sectional ...  Read More Background: The objective of this study was to whether handgrip andquadriceps strength can predict post-stroke depression (PSD) and post-strokeanxiety (PSA).Methods: This cross-sectional study involved sixty-six consenting strokepatients whose symptoms of depression and anxiety and affected handgrip andquadriceps strength were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS) and handheld dynamometers. Data was analyzed using descriptive andinferential statistics. Alpha level was set at P<0.05.Results: The participants’ mean handgrip and quadriceps strength were 19.03kg and 20.70 kg, respectively, while the prevalence of PSD and PSA were 33.4%and 42.4%, respectively. PSD was significantly correlated with PSA (r=0.61;P<0.001), handgrip strength (r=-0.24; P=0.049), functional independence(r=-0.26; P=0.036), and stroke severity (r=0.26; P=0.039), while PSA wassignificantly correlated with stroke severity (r=0.25; P=0.046) and age (r=-0.25; P=0.048). Multiple linear regression results indicate that handgrip andquadriceps strength were not independent predictors of PSD and PSA (P>0.05);however, the presence of PSA was an independent predictor of PSD (B=0.590;P<0.001), while the presence of PSD (B=0.621; P=0.001) and younger age (B=-0.307; P<0.001) were independent predictors of PSA.Conclusion: Handgrip and quadriceps strength are not significant predictors ofPSD and PSA in stroke survivors; however, PSD and PSA can predict each other,indicating a bi-directional relationship, while age is a negative predictor of PSA.

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