Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences & Research

Standardization of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale in Iranian subjects with Cerebrovascular Accident

Seyed Alireza Derakhshanrad; Emily Piven; Mehdi Rassafiani; Seyed Ali Hosseini; Farahnaz Mohammadi Shahboulaghi

Volume 1, Issue 4 , December 2014, , Pages 73-77

Abstract

  Background: Resilience is a personal trait that can influence the stroke subjects’ attitudes toward future opportunities and facilitate the transitional process and adaptation in ...  Read More Background: Resilience is a personal trait that can influence the stroke subjects’ attitudes toward future opportunities and facilitate the transitional process and adaptation in them. Assessment of this trait in stroke subjects with a standardized tool would promote the rehabilitation protocols and occupational therapy interventions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to standardize the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) for Persian Iranian people who have had strokes.Methods: A descriptive observational study was adopted in order to standardize the CD-RISC in stroke population. The population was comprised of 34 female and 29 male subjects with a mean age of 51.4±10.6 years and the history of ischemic or hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accidents. Subjects were recruited based on inclusion criteria within the period of two months between May and July of 2014. Descriptive statistics were calculated along with the Cronbach's alpha to determine reliability. Standard multiple regression analyses searched for any correlation between variables and resilience.Results: Statistical parameters revealed a mean of 58.4±15.5 for CD-RISC raw scores. Percentile ranks were also calculated from raw data. Cronbach's alpha of 0.892 revealed that the CD-RISC had high reliability for the population of this study. Multiple regression analyses showed that the functional status was the only variable that uniquely predicted subjects’ resilience (ß = 0.41; P< 0.01). Conclusion: The findings of this research confirmed applicability of CD-RISC in Iranian people who have had strokes. The standardized CD-RISC was determined to be suitable for use in the clinic and for utilization in research studies in Iranian people status post-stroke.  

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The Reliability of Smartphone and Goniometric Measurements of Hip Range of Motion

Elizabeth S Norris; Emily Wright; Shannon Sims; Megan Fuller; Kurt Neelly

Volume 3, Issue 4 , December 2016, , Pages 77-84

Abstract

  Background: Range of motion is an essential component of the hip examination.  Handling issues with the goniometer often create challenges when measuring hip passive range of motion ...  Read More Background: Range of motion is an essential component of the hip examination.  Handling issues with the goniometer often create challenges when measuring hip passive range of motion (PROM).  Recent generations of smartphones have emerged as an alternative instrument for the measurement of joint ROM.  The purpose of this study was to investigate the intra-rater, inter-rater and inter-instrument reliability of smartphone and goniometric hip PROM. Methods:Two investigators measured hip PROM to a designated end position on 30 asymptomatic participants in a blinded within study design using two measurement methods, smartphone and goniometer. Relative reliability of smartphone and goniometric measurements of hip PROM was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Absolute reliability of both measurement methods was assessed using paired t-tests, standard errors of measurement (SEM), and 95% limits of agreement (LOA).Results: Relative reliability ICCs ranged from 0.47-0.99 (intra-rater), 0.05-0.99 (inter-rater) and 0.25 -0.97 (inter-instrument).  Inter-rater differences of smartphone hip measurements were non-significant, however, significant differences were found for all inter-rater goniometric hip measurements (p<0.02).  The comparison of the smartphone to goniometric measurements showed bias was present in 7 out to 12 hip measurements (p < 0.04).  SEM ranged from 1° to 3° (intra-rater, inter-rater, and inter-instrument).  LOA ranged from -6.8° - 5.1° (inter-rater) and -8.9° - 13.8° (inter-instrument). Conclusion: These findings support intra-rater reliability of both instruments when measuring hip PROM.  Inter-rater reliability, however, was supported only for the smartphone. Due to systematic bias of inter-instrument measurements performed by one rater, caution should be used if the instruments are to be used interchangeably in order to quantify within session hip PROM. 

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The Effect of Cognitive Rehabilitation on the Improvement of Language Skills in 9-12 Years Old Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Masoomeh Asefi; Vahid Nejati; Masood Sharifi

Volume 4, Issue 4 , December 2017, , Pages 89-96

Abstract

  Background: According to the research literature, there was a relationship between cognitive functions of attention and working memory and linguistic skills. The aim of this research ...  Read More Background: According to the research literature, there was a relationship between cognitive functions of attention and working memory and linguistic skills. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of cognitive rehabilitation on the improvement of the linguistic skills in 9-12 years old children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Methods: 40 students in grade 4, 5 and 6 of a primary school in Miyane city were assigned equally and randomly to two intervention and control groups. The research design was experimental with pre-test, post-test, follow-up, and control group. The language tests included; Thurston Verbal Fluency task, Token test of receptive language, Boston naming speed test, Assessment of Persian Reading Ability (APRA), verbal working memory subtest of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, and Attention Register task. Parental version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham (SNAP-IV) questionnaire was used to screen ADHD. The intervention method was based on Attentive Rehabilitation of Attention and Memory (ARAM) with emphasis on attention and working memory. Mixed ANOVA statistical test was used to analyze the data.Results: The results showed that the linguistic skills assessed in the research which include naming (F=29.42, P=0.01), verbal fluency (phonological fluency: F=15.68, P=0.01; semantic fluency: F=13.73, P=0.01), reading abilities (alphabet reading 1: F=17.84, P=0.01; alphabet reading 2: F=27.07, P=0.01; word reading: F=19.82, P=0.01; reading ability: F=19.97, P=0.01; voice change: F=13.47, P=0.01; reading comprehension: F=36.85, P=0.01), comprehension (F=6.75, P=0.01), verbal working memory (direct digits: F=7.7, P=0.01; inverse digits: F=14.26, P=0.01) and attention (attention registration 1: F=10.23, P=0.01; attention registration 2: F=4.33, P=0.04) were improved, following the intervention.Conclusion: Computerized Training of working memory and attention can enhance the language skills in children with ADHD. This result confirmed the role of attention and working memory on language skills.

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Is Cupping Therapy in Combination with Routine Physical Therapy Effective in the Management of Knee Osteoarthritis? A Randomized Controlled Trial

Sara Abolahrari-Shirazi; Farahnaz Ghafari Nezhad; Ziba Ahmadpour; Leila Zare; Farahnaz Emami

Volume 5, Issue 4 , December 2018, , Pages 93-98

Abstract

  Background: Osteoarthritis is a common form of arthritis accompanied by varying degrees of disability and reduced quality of life. Several management regimens are available to treat ...  Read More Background: Osteoarthritis is a common form of arthritis accompanied by varying degrees of disability and reduced quality of life. Several management regimens are available to treat knee osteoarthritis. Cupping therapy is used to treat musculoskeletal disorders but its effects on knee osteoarthritis has remained unclear. The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of intermittent cupping therapy plus routine physical therapy with routine physical therapy alone in patients with knee osteoarthritis.Methods: Twenty-six patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomly assigned into two groups: intermittent cupping therapy plus routine physical therapy (intervention group, n=13) and routine physical therapy alone (control group, n=13). In the routine physical therapy group, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, hot pack, and ultrasound were used, while in the cupping therapy group, intermittent vacuum therapy was used together with routine physical therapy. Both groups received 10 treatment sessions over a period of 2 weeks. Pain intensity was measured via visual analog scale (VAS). Further, functional disability was assessed using the Persian version of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) osteoarthritis index questionnaire. Finally, knee joint passive range of motion (ROM) was measured with photography pre- and post-intervention. Results: At follow-up, both groups had significantly lower pain intensity and functional disability, and higher knee passive ROM compared to their respective pre-intervention values (P0.05). Differences in total WOMAC scores between pre- and post-intervention were significantly greater in the control group than in the intervention group (P

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Management of dysphagia by a speech language pathologist during the Covid-19 pandemic: A narrative review

Manijeh Zarei Mahmood Abadi; Talieh Zarifian; Lida Sharifi-Rad

Volume 9, Issue 3 , September 2022, , Pages 97-103

Abstract

  Reasons for dysphagia in patients with at-risk respiratory systems duringthe COVID-19 pandemic include muscle weakness. During this time, therehabilitation program becomes a critical ...  Read More Reasons for dysphagia in patients with at-risk respiratory systems duringthe COVID-19 pandemic include muscle weakness. During this time, therehabilitation program becomes a critical problem. The current narrativereview purposed to answer the question, “What is the modified management of dysphagia in patients with COVID-19 by speech-language pathologists (SLPs)?” Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases were searched for information about COVID-19 and dysphagia using search terms such as “COVID-19 and dysphagia,” “speech therapy and COVID-19,” “COVID-19 and dysphagia speech and language pathologist.” As this narrative review concentrated on the intervention of dysphagia throughout the Covid-19 pandemic, the reference lists of articles identified in the search were also examined, and those we considered relevant in keeping with the selected keywords were accepted. Among the 83 articles selected in the first round, 27 were considered for this review. The number of clinical or original articles fitting our criteria was very limited. The main topics in most of the published papers were dysphagia intervention, COVID-19 transmission risk, swallowing assessment and therapy in patients with COVID-19 by SLPs, dysphagia screening tools, swallowing treatments and sensory stimulation in patients with COVID-19, and swallowing exercises and maneuvers conducted by SLPs in COVID-19 cases. An instrumental evaluation of swallowing should be narrowed during the COVID-19 pandemic. SLPs should find different ways to appropriately manage patients with suspected dysphagia. Generally, dysphagia intervention should be reserved for tele-health.

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Effectiveness of Pilates Exercise on Disability in Low Back Pain Patients: A Meta-analysis Review Paper

Keyvan Sharifmoradi; Saeed reza Nori monfared

Volume 7, Issue 3 , September 2020, , Pages 99-105

Abstract

  Background: The aim of this meta-analysis review study was to examine and summarize the benefits of Pilate's exercises on disability in patients with low back pain (LBP). Methods: Research ...  Read More Background: The aim of this meta-analysis review study was to examine and summarize the benefits of Pilate's exercises on disability in patients with low back pain (LBP). Methods: Research was conducted from March 2005 to December 2018. Patients with chronic low back pain formed the statistical population of this study. The keywords were Pilates together with low back pain, chronic low back pain, and back pain. The Medline, Embase, Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and SID databases were searched for relevant literature. Results: Nineteen papers, including 15 high quality and 4 poor quality papers, were assessed. The results showed that Pilates exercises had a significant and high effect size (p =0.000) on disability in comparison with the control group (Hedges g=1.183) as well as a significant (p =0.000) and medium effect size compared with the exercise group (Hedges g=0.526). When the durability of the Pilates exercise effect was assessed in the follow-up period, a significant and low effect size (p =0.017) was found in the Pilates group compared with the control group (Hedges g=0.488). Conclusion Pilates exercises improved the stability of patients with LBP compared to the control group. The effect of Pilates exercises decreased during follow-up after 13 weeks of inactivity. Pilates exercises are more effective than other types of exercise. Equipment Pilates exercises have a greater effect than mat Pilates on disability improvement during the follow-up periods; thus, it is advisable for therapists to use Pilates-based equipment exercises to increase the stability of patients with LBP.

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Interrelationships between Theory of Mind and Language Skills in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Review of the Literature

Sanaz Tajadini; Sima Farpour; Hamidreza Farpour; Farideh Nikpour

Volume 8, Issue 3 , September 2021, , Pages 101-105

Abstract

  Theory of Mind (ToM) is an essential component of communicationwith the others and social understanding. Cognitive structures, such as language,working memory, and executive functions ...  Read More Theory of Mind (ToM) is an essential component of communicationwith the others and social understanding. Cognitive structures, such as language,working memory, and executive functions play a special role in understandingthe others҆ minds. Thus, given importance of the role of language skills indevelopment of ToM and the previous research findings regarding the restrictedcapacity of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in development of their ability tounderstand others’ thoughts and feelings, this review study was designed tomainly evaluate the influence of language on ToM in children with CP.Methods: For this purpose, initially, electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus,PsycINFo, MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science) were searched fromSeptember 1 to 30 , during 2000-2020. Search was done focusing on the Englishwrittenpapers using a combination of keywords including: “Cerebral Palsy,Theory of Mind, Mentalization, and Language” to identify relevant studies from2000 to 2020.Results: A total of 978 publications were identified according to the initial searchcriteria. After reviewing abstracts, titles, and references of the identified papers,10 potentially relevant papers were selected. Based on assessing their full-text, 7papers completely met the inclusion criteria.Conclusion: Given that children with CP have not been addressed by numerousinvestigations to date, there is limited information about their ToM skills andthe role of other different components of ToM development. Therefore, furtherresearch should be carried out to investigate this issue. The combined findingsof the reviewed papers showed that language skills had an effect on capacity toelaborate ToM competence in children with CP. This review study paves the pathto the future common research on children with CP and underlines importanceof using a methodology, in which ToM performance is studied in concert with adetailed investigation of speech and motor impairments.2021© The Authors. Published by JRSR. All rights reserved.

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The Relationship Between Working Memory and Acquisition of Mathematical Strategies in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Review of Literature

Sanaz Tajadini; Hamidreza Farpour; Sima Farpour

Volume 6, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 103-108

Abstract

  Background:  Cerebral Palsy (CP) is defined as non-progressive brain damage attributed to limitation in mobility, learning, language, and communication. The high prevalence of ...  Read More Background:  Cerebral Palsy (CP) is defined as non-progressive brain damage attributed to limitation in mobility, learning, language, and communication. The high prevalence of low academic achievement in learning mathematics in CP cases is related, in part, to multifactorial influences; working memory may be one of the factors which can be related to arithmetic attainment. The purpose of this article was to review the relationship of working memory with mathematical performance in children with CP. Methods: In this Review of literature article, Five English search engines (Pubmed, Scopus, Science direct, EMBASE, and Central) were used with key words, “cerebral palsy, arithmetic, mathematical performance, and working memory”. The inclusion criteria were English relevant articles in which participants had CP and both mathematical abilities and working memory were assessed. Results: A total of 103 articles were screened. Twenty-five potentially relevant titles or abstracts were identified. Based on inclusion criteria, only 7 articles were found. Conclusion:Given the high risk of mathematical learning difficulties in children with CP, information about mathematical skills and the role of working memory on the different components of mathematical strategies is limited. Further research should be carried out to investigate this issue. The findings in this study showed the relationship between working memory and the difficulties with mathematical and numerical learning of CP cases.

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An Investigation of Electromyographic Activity of Trapezius and Serratus Anterior Muscles in Individuals with Scapular Dyskinesis during Different Types of Push-ups: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ramin Arghadeh; Hooman Minoonejad; Mohammad Hosein Alizadeh; Rahman Sheikhhoseini; Parisa Sayyadi

Volume 10, Issue 3 , September 2023, , Pages 109-118

Abstract

  Background:The use of push-ups has been suggested to strengthen the scapular stabilizers, while incorporating unstable surfaces is recommended to enhance the involvement of the neuromuscular ...  Read More Background:The use of push-ups has been suggested to strengthen the scapular stabilizers, while incorporating unstable surfaces is recommended to enhance the involvement of the neuromuscular system. However, the impact of this instability on electromyography (EMG) activity in the periscapular muscles during push-ups in individuals with Scapular dyskinesis remains uncertain. Consequently, the objective of the current study was to assess the influence of unstable surfaces on EMG activity in the trapezius and Serratus anterior muscles among individuals with scapular dyskinesis during push-ups.Methods:A comprehensive search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases, covering articles published from the inception of these databases until September 25, 2021. The search strategy utilized three main keyword categories: Scapular dyskinesis, electromyography, and push-up. Initially, 5,249 articles were identified through this search process. After a thorough assessment of the full text of these articles, four studies were deemed suitable for inclusion in the final review. Data extraction and evaluation of methodological quality were carried out as part of the review process. The Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) and corresponding 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were calculated to perform the meta-analysis using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) Software, Version 3. Statistical significance was determined by a p-value less than 0.05.Results:The findings of the study revealed that the utilization of unstable surfaces among individuals with scapular dyskinesis led to an increase in the activity of the upper trapezius (P= 0.011; SMD= 0.807 [95%CI 0.188, 1.427]). Conversely, it reduced the Serratus anterior's activity (P= 0.000; SMD= -0.665 [95%CI -1.023, -0.307]). However, the electromyography activity of the Lower trapezius was not significantly affected (P= 0.176).Conclusion:Due to the imbalance between the upper trapezius and serratus anterior muscles in individuals with scapular dyskinesis, caution should be exercised when using unstable surfaces. Incorrect utilization of unstable surfaces may worsen these individuals' muscle imbalance. Therefore, it is advisable to approach unstable surfaces with heightened caution in individuals with scapular dyskinesis.  

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A systematic review of speech recognition assessment tools for Persian-speaking children with and without hearing disorders

Mohammad Majid Oryadi-Zanjani

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, , Pages 143-150

Abstract

  Background  Speech recognition is a significant component of speech perception assessment as a main clinical target in children with hearing disorders. The current article presents ...  Read More Background  Speech recognition is a significant component of speech perception assessment as a main clinical target in children with hearing disorders. The current article presents a systematic review designed to provide clinical and research guidelines for speech recognition assessment in Persian-speaking children with and without hearing disorders.MethodsA systematic search was conducted to cumulate the research evidence for the assessment of speech recognition in Persian-speaking children with and without hearing disorders. Peer-reviewed journal articles dedicated to this issue and published between 1982 and December 2021 were discovered through a search of the electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Magiran, IranMedex, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Google Scholar. The papers were analyzed according to different variables, including test age, vocabulary competency, cognitive demands, response format, presentation mode, stimulus format, stimulus variability, stimulus mode, and test conditions.ResultsThe review identified four papers related to the development of five assessment tools for measuring speech recognition in Persian-speaking children, namely Persian Monosyllabic Lexical Neighborhood Tests (PMLNTs), Persian Disyllabic Lexical Neighborhood Tests (PDLNTs), Persian version of the words-in-noise (WIN), Tavana (test for evaluating auditory skills), and closed-set speech recognition test for Persian-speaking children. The properties and limitations of each test have been considered in the current review article.ConclusionBased on this systematic review, only four speech recognition assessment tools exist for measuring specifically spoken word recognition in Persian-speaking children. The results of this review article can be used as a clinical and research guideline for assessing speech recognition in Persian-speaking children with hearing disorders. 

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Developing Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Professionals: A Qualitative Study

Masoud Ghofrani; Alireza Parsapour; behrouz attarbashi moghadam; Amirahmad Shojaei

Volume 7, Issue 4 , December 2020, , Pages 147-154

Abstract

  Codes of ethics are a set of moral standards based on a value system widely accepted by members of a profession. In order to choose the right course of action and resolve potential ...  Read More Codes of ethics are a set of moral standards based on a value system widely accepted by members of a profession. In order to choose the right course of action and resolve potential ethical challenges, these codes will need to be developed so that ethical values can be identified and prioritized. Medical ethics covers all areas of medicine, and surely, rehabilitation is not an exception. This study aims to codify the ethics of the rehabilitation profession while considering the cultural and religious issues in Iran. For this purpose, we used a qualitative research method, including literature review, questionnaire, targeted interviews, content analysis, group discussion, and code extraction. The results were categorized into seven sections: “respect and empathy”, “autonomy”, “offering responsible care and reducing suffering”, “doing the right thing”, “beneficence”, “privacy and confidentiality”, and “social responsibility”. The development of ethical codes for rehabilitation determines moral norms in order to protect the rights of people who need rehabilitation services. These codes can also be used as a guide to the ethical challenges of the profession.  

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The Role of Physical Activity in Children with Type 1 Diabetes during Quarantine and COVID-19 Pandemic: Narrative Review

Mina Ahmadi Kakavandi; Shahnaz Shahrbanian; mozhgan rezvani rad; Anthony Hackney

Volume 8, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 151-157

Abstract

  Background: The rapid and unprecedented outbreak of the Coronavirus (COVID-19), which spread rapidly around the world in late 2019, prompted the World Health Organization to declare ...  Read More Background: The rapid and unprecedented outbreak of the Coronavirus (COVID-19), which spread rapidly around the world in late 2019, prompted the World Health Organization to declare a public health emergency, which soon became an international public health concern. The concerns are especially more serious in people with certain diseases, such as diabetes. The need to quarantine and the preservation of social distances lead to further inactivity and, thus, more health consequences. It is necessary to maintain physical activity and regular exercise which, in addition to reducing the consequences of inactivity, can lead to better control of blood glucose in children with type 1 diabetes. This review article investigated the need for regular physical activity in children with type 1 diabetes who were quarantined during the COVID-19 outbreak. Method: For this purpose, the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant articles published up to September 2021, and articles identified based on the search keywords were reviewed. Results: Online exercise programs may be helpful in counteracting the sedentary lifestyle associated with the pandemic. A short exercise session, which can be repeated frequently throughout the day, may represent an optimal intervention strategy to maintain the health and well-being of young people with type 1 diabetes  Conclusion: Exercise in a safe home environment and under the supervision and encouragement of parents while monitoring and controlling blood glucose has several physical and psychological benefits that should be considered during quarantine and the outbreak of COVID-19.

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The Effect of a Period of Corrective Exercises on Balance and Performance of Female Volleyball Players with Knee Dynamic Valgus Defect

Ebrahim Mohammad Ali Nasab Firouzjah; Rogayeh Imani

Volume 10, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 175-181

Abstract

  Background: This study aimed to assess the impact of a corrective exercise program on the balance and performance of female volleyball players with knee dynamic valgus defects.Methods: ...  Read More Background: This study aimed to assess the impact of a corrective exercise program on the balance and performance of female volleyball players with knee dynamic valgus defects.Methods: This study employed a semi-experimental design conducted in the field. the study's target population comprised female volleyball players in East Azarbaijan with knee dynamic valgus defects. From this population, 30 subjects were selected and randomly divided into control and experiment groups, following the completion of personal profiles and screening for knee dynamic valgus defects using a squat test. The study measured static and dynamic balance through the BESS (Balance Error Scoring System) and Y balance tests for lower limb assessment and upper extremity function through the Y functional test for upper extremities in both groups. The experimental group underwent a 10-session program of corrective exercises, while the control group continued with their regular volleyball exercises. After the training period, both groups underwent a post-test. The data's normality was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test. The effect of the corrective exercise program on the research's dependent variables was analyzed through covariance analysis and dependent t-tests, with a confidence level set at P ≤ 0.05.Results: The results showed a positive impact of corrective exercises on static and dynamic balance (P = 0.001) and upper extremity function (P = 0.001) in volleyball players with dynamic knee valgus defects.Conclusion: The study results demonstrate that the corrective exercise program, following the National Academy of Sports Medicine approach, significantly reduces knee dynamic valgus, improves balance, and enhances upper extremity function in young female volleyball players.  

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The Effect of Kinesio Taping of Quadriceps Muscle on the Balance of Non-Elite Football Players After a Local Fatigue Induced Protocol

Ali Tajik; Esmaeil Shokri; Ali Ghanbari

Volume 3, Issue 1 , March 2016, , Pages 5-10

Abstract

  Background: Previous studies have shown detrimental effects of muscle fatigue on balance. Also they have reported the effects of kinesio taping (KT) on postural control, joint support, ...  Read More Background: Previous studies have shown detrimental effects of muscle fatigue on balance. Also they have reported the effects of kinesio taping (KT) on postural control, joint support, and muscle function. However, no studies have been conducted so far to assess the immediate effects of KT after local muscle fatigue on balance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether KT improves the Y-balance test scores after quadriceps fatigue.Methods: Fifty healthy male athletes (18-35 years old) participated in this quasi-experimental study and were randomly allocated to one of the two groups. The control group received only a fatigue protocol and the KT group received both quadriceps KT and the fatigue protocol. The balance of the subjects was assessed by a Y-balance test before and after the interventions.Results: The results revealed a significant decrease in Y-balance test scores after interventions in both groups. The KT group showed better scores in Y-balance test in all directions compared to the control.Conclusion: The study confirmed the positive effect of KT on balance after a fatigue protocol in athletes. We conclude that the application of KT can be an effective intervention for improving balance after induced fatigue in athletes.

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Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Shiraz Male Wushu Players: A Cross Sectional Study

Farahnaz Emami; Masoud Bahremand; Zahra Rojhani-Shirazi

Volume 4, Issue 1 , March 2017, , Pages 6-9

Abstract

  Background: Wushu is one of the martial arts that combines explosive strengthand speed movements with combat techniques. Most studies to date of wushurelatedinjuries have been published ...  Read More Background: Wushu is one of the martial arts that combines explosive strengthand speed movements with combat techniques. Most studies to date of wushurelatedinjuries have been published in Chinese languages. No published studieshave reported the prevalence of these injuries in Iran. Therefore, the aim of thepresent study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries inmale wushu players in Shiraz.Methods: Male wushu athletes aged 18 to 30 years were included in this crosssectional study if they had been practicing for 2 hours per session, twice a weekduring the past 3 years. The athletes were recruited by convenience samplingfrom 30 wushu clubs in Shiraz, Iran. The sample size was 165. The study wasconducted from June to September 2016. Each participant was asked to completean information questionnaire about his musculoskeletal injuries related towushu during the previous year.Results: About two third (65.45%) of wushu players had one or more injuriesduring the previous year. Severe injuries were most commonly located in thehead/neck and knee/tibia areas, and inflammation was more prevalent than theother types of injuries.Conclusion: Wushu players in this study reported a high prevalence of injuriesaffecting different parts of the body.

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Self-reported physical activity level and associated factors among patients with non-specific chronic low back pain

Antoninus Obinna Ezeukwu; Gideon Ebisike; Jeneviv Nene John; Obinna Okezue; Davidson Okwudili John

Volume 6, Issue 1 , March 2019, , Pages 6-14

Abstract

  Background: Non-Specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder that leads to impaired physical activity (PA) level and functional limitation, which might ...  Read More Background: Non-Specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder that leads to impaired physical activity (PA) level and functional limitation, which might cause disability. This study evaluated the self-reported PA level and associated factors among NSCLBP patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 57 patients purposively recruited from the out-patient physiotherapy clinics of two tertiary hospitals. A self-structured questionnaire, long form of International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire and Modified Assessing Levels of Physical Activity and fitness (ALPHA) environmental questionnaires were administered to assess the patient’s socio- demographic/clinical profile, PA level, disability level and environmental characteristics respectively. Pearson Chi-square and Spearman rank correlation were used to determine the associations between the variables of interest. Alpha level was set at p

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Relationship Between Quality of Life and Hypertonia in Young Adults with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Nasrin Salehi Dehno; Shohreh Noorizadeh Dehkordi; Mehdi Dadgoo; Masoud Salehi

Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 8-11

Abstract

  Background and objectives: The complications associated with spastic cerebral palsy can affect the physical ability and quality of life of individuals suffering from this motor disorder. ...  Read More Background and objectives: The complications associated with spastic cerebral palsy can affect the physical ability and quality of life of individuals suffering from this motor disorder. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between quality of life and hypertonia in adults with spastic cerebral palsy.Methods:  In an analytical cross sectional study, 70 subjects with the diagnosis of spastic cerebral palsy from three Ra'ad Rehabilitation Goodwill complexes in Tehran and Karaj cities took part in this study through convenient sampling. The severity of spasticity and contracture of the knee flexors were measured by Modified Tardieu Scale. Also the quality of life was assessed through World Health Organization quality of life-BREF questionnaire. To analyze data, Pearson and spearman correlation coefficient were used.Results: Participants of this study were 42.9% male, 57.1% female with mean age 26.24± 5 years. No correlation existed between quality of life with knee flexor muscles spasticity. However, psychological and environmental domains showed low correlations with knee extension range (respectively r=0.26 and r=0.28; p< 0.05)Conclusion: The influences of the mechanical component of hypertonia (contracture) on the quality of life are more prominent than neural factors such as spasticity.

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Study of the Effect of Using Purposeful Activity (Gardening) on Depression of Female Resident in Golestan Dormitory of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences

Sahar Ghanbari; Farzaneh Jafari; Nahid Bagheri; Samaneh Neamtolahi; Razieh Shayanpour

Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2015, , Pages 8-11

Abstract

  Background: Students encounter many stressful factors during their educational time. Stress can result in different physical and mental disorders such as depression. One intervention ...  Read More Background: Students encounter many stressful factors during their educational time. Stress can result in different physical and mental disorders such as depression. One intervention is using purposeful activity of gardening. The goal of this research is to investigate the effect of using purposeful activity (gardening) on depression of female resident in Golestan dormitory of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. This study was an experimental field research with pre and post tests in case controlled groups in the year of 2012-2013. Fifty depressed female students of Golestan dormitory in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences participated in the study. Students were randomly allocated to case and controlled groups. Both groups were taken Beck Depression Inventory. Then gardening sessions (seed and small tree planting) were carried on in dormitory yard for 3 days a week for two months. Each session took approximately one hour. Both groups were assessed with the same questionnaire again after intervention.Results: The results showed a significant recovery after intervention in case group based on the depression scores (P= 0.0001).Conclusion: According to this study, it seems that using purposeful activity of gardening has positive effects on decreasing depression in depressed female students. 

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The Validity and Reliability of a low-cost handheld 3D Scanner for Use in Orthotics and Prosthetics

Davood Farahmandi Najafabadi; Mohammad Reza Rezaie; Saeed Forghany

Volume 7, Issue 1 , March 2020, , Pages 8-14

Abstract

  Background: 3D scanners are used to obtain three-dimensional (3D) shapes of body parts, offering an alternative to conventional techniques such as casting and a variety of potential ...  Read More Background: 3D scanners are used to obtain three-dimensional (3D) shapes of body parts, offering an alternative to conventional techniques such as casting and a variety of potential advantages. However, 3D scanners are usually very expensive and not affordable and accessible for most orthotists and prosthetists, especially in developing countries. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of a low-cost handheld and affordable 3D scanner (3Dsystems, ‘sense’) for use in orthotics and prosthetics. Methods: The validity and reliability of the 3D Sense scanner were assessed through repeated scanning and measurement of the predefined circumferences of the stumps of four transtibial amputees and 8 body cast models. Two assessors performed digital scanning and tape measurement on two different days, each consisting of three trials per condition/day. The reliability of the 3D sense scanner was assessed by investigating between trials, the assessors, and day reliability using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients. The standard error of measurement (SEM) was also calculated to assess measurement error. The validity of the 3D sense scanner was assessed using correlation analysis, mean percentage error (the mean differences between scanner and tape measure), and Bland-Altman statistics. Results: The 3D Sense scanner provides stumps and body cast model measurements with similar reliability to the tape measure. Reliability coefficients for the 3D scanner are relatively high (ICC). The ICCs all are near 1.0 and SEMs all range from 0.06 to 0.10. The 3D Sense scanner demonstrated excellent validity. There was a significant positive correlation between the 3D scanner and tape measure for both stumps and body cast models measurements (r > 0.850; p < 0.0001). The measurement error between the 3D scanner and tape measure is very low as indicated by mean differences close to zero. Conclusions: This study introduces a low-cost handheld and affordable 3D scanner, which has proven to be a valid and reliable clinical tool in orthotics and prosthetics. This 3D scanner would have extensive and powerful clinical applicability resulting in valid and reliable digital information of body segments for computer-aided design (CAD) of orthotics and prosthetics.

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Reading Skills in Preschool and School-aged Children with Unilateral Cochlear Implants in Iran: A Narrative Review

Zahra Jeddi; Shaghayegh Omidvar; Afsaneh Doosti; Seyedeh Zahra Fakhr Hosseini

Volume 9, Issue 1 , March 2022, , Pages 10-15

Abstract

  Background: The acquisition of reading skills is one the most important challenges a cochlear implanted child faces in his/her life. Although cochlearimplants can improve speech, ...  Read More Background: The acquisition of reading skills is one the most important challenges a cochlear implanted child faces in his/her life. Although cochlearimplants can improve speech, language, and reading skills, some childrencontinue to experience reading difficulties. Some studies have reviewed thereading skills in English-speaking children with cochlear implants; however,language and cultural discrepancies may result in diverse aural rehabilitationprograms and varying effects of factors on reading in these children. The aimof the present study is to review evidence regarding reading skills, includingphonological awareness, reading comprehension, vocabulary, and story retellingin preschool and school-aged children with unilateral cochlear implants in Iran.Results: Overall, the findings of studies in this area suggest that Persianspeakingpreschool and school-aged children with unilateral cochlear implantsshow worse reading performance compared with their normal hearing peers.Conclusion: Impaired reading skills in children with cochlear implantsnecessitates the identification of reading problems and targeted auralrehabilitation programs to improve reading skills in these children. Futurestudies over longer periods are necessary in order to determine the readingdevelopmental trajectory of children with cochlear implants in Iran. In addition,investigating the precise role of underpinning abilities such as language andhearing skills in reading development can help children with cochlear implantsachieve age-appropriate reading skills.

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Social Phobia in Persian Adults with Stuttering

Ahmad Poormohammad; Zahra Ghayoumi-Anaraki; Maryam Faham; Davood Sobhani-Rad

Volume 5, Issue 1 , March 2018, , Pages 13-17

Abstract

  Background: Stuttering is a communication disorder. It is expected that stuttering may have negative impact on individuals’ mental and emotional health, which may affect their quality ...  Read More Background: Stuttering is a communication disorder. It is expected that stuttering may have negative impact on individuals’ mental and emotional health, which may affect their quality of life. Therefore, this paper aims to study components of social phobia inventory in Persian adults with stuttering and compare the likelihood (odds) of social phobia in the stuttering group to that in the control group. Methods: Using social phobia inventory, this case-control study compared social phobia in 33 adults with stuttering and 33 age-gender-education matched subjects with fluent speech. All the participants were 18 years or above. Results: Independent t-test showed that the total score of the social phobia inventory. Its fear component has significant statistical differences between group of adults with and without stuttering. Moreover, the adults with stuttering have over two times more social phobia symptoms than that in ones who don’t. Conclusion: Our results suggest that social phobia should be considered in therapy programs for adults with stuttering. In addition to restructuring speech, a part of the treatment program should address people’s social phobia, especially their feeling of fear, in order to curtail some of the negative consequences associated with stuttering.

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Auditory Working Memory Span of Children with (Central) Auditory Processing Disorders and Normal Children Aged 8 to 10 Years

Abdollah Moossavi; Bahar Khavarghazalani; Yoones Lotfi; Saeedeh Mehrkian; Zahra Hosseini dastgerdi

Volume 2, Issue 2 , June 2015, , Pages 27-30

Abstract

  Background: The aim of the present study was to assess the auditory working memory span of children with (central) auditory processing disorders (C) APD aged 8 to 10 years and to compare ...  Read More Background: The aim of the present study was to assess the auditory working memory span of children with (central) auditory processing disorders (C) APD aged 8 to 10 years and to compare the results with normal ones.Methods: Twenty five children with (Central) Auditory Processing Disorders (8-10 years) and 75 normal children (8-10 years) from both genders participated in this comparative study. Participants were chosen by convenient sampling method to assess their auditory working memory (WM) span. Forward digit span, backward digit span and non-word repetition tests were used to evaluate the WM span. Nonparametric statistics (Mann–Whitney U) were used for comparing group differences.Results: Forward digit and backward digit and non-word repetition tests showed significant differences in mean scores between those with (C) APD and normal children (p˂0.001).Conclusion: The results suggest that (C) APD children have poorer performance in the WM span than the age matched controls.

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Development, Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of the Consonant-Vowel in White Noise Test

Yones Lotfi; Saiede Kargar; Mohanna Javanbakht; Akbar Biglarian

Volume 3, Issue 2 , June 2016, , Pages 29-34

Abstract

  Background: One of the most common complaints expressed by individuals with hearing-impairment is the difficulty in speech perception in background noise. Different tests have been ...  Read More Background: One of the most common complaints expressed by individuals with hearing-impairment is the difficulty in speech perception in background noise. Different tests have been developed for the evaluation of reduced ability of speech perception in noise, and the Consonant-Vowel in noise test is one of the simplest one regard to speech materials. The goal of the present study was development and determined validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Consonant-Vowel in noise test, among 18 to 25 year old Persian speaking because of the lack of a Persian version of this test.Methods: This was a tool-making research that had 3 main stages: development of the Persian version of the Consonant-Vowel in noise test (4 lists and each list in 5 different signal to noise ratio), examination of its content validity, and its administration on a total of 50, 18 to 25 year normal hearing individuals (20 men /30 women) that selected by random sampling method, in order to examine the reliability of the test from the students of the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. For descriptive reports, central tendencies and indices of dispersion were used and for statistics relations; Pearson correlation test, intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), paired t-test and independent t-test were used. Results: The content validity ratio for each item was acceptable (CVR>0.62). The lists number 2, 3, and 4; and also the lists number 1 and 4 in the Consonant-Vowel in noise test, were highly correlated (P<0.05). The test-retest correlations were statistically significant at all signal-to-noise ratios (P<0.05). There was no significant differences between the scores of left and right ears (P>0.05) and also men’s and women’s scores (P>0.05). Participant's performance improved as the SNR increased. Conclusion: According to the study results, it can be concluded that the Persian version of the Consonant-Vowel in noise test has acceptable content validity and reliability, and can be used in clinical and research works.

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Prevalence of Using Personal Music Player and Listening Habit in Students

Mehdi Wandadi; Vahid Rashedi; Atta Heidari

Volume 1, Issue 2 , June 2014, , Pages 30-32

Abstract

  Background: Exposure to loud music from sources such as portable music players (PMP), especially among adolescents, can lead to noise-induced hearing loss. The aims of this study are ...  Read More Background: Exposure to loud music from sources such as portable music players (PMP), especially among adolescents, can lead to noise-induced hearing loss. The aims of this study are as follows: 1) investigate the prevalence of headphone use in Iranian University students by assessing their behavior, 2) determine the type of headphones used, and 3) ascertain the type of music player used.Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 250 students from Hamadan University of medical sciences and health services were randomly selected to fill out a questionnaire.Results: Overall, 91.2% of students were found to use headphones, 10.4% of which used headphones more than 1 hour a day, and 52% of them used volume setting higher than three fourths of the output capacity. The most common music player was a mobile phone, and the most common headphone type was the inserted type. Tinnitus was reported among 34.4% of users following the use of personal music player. Conclusion: The use of personal music players amongst students was found to be very high in the study setting.

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Comparing Narrative Microstructure between Bilingual Balochi-Persian and Monolingual Persian Preschoolers

Maryam Arabpour; Mahbube Nakhshab; Najme Abdolrashidi; Mahtab Molaiefard; Shima Bakhtyari; Hossein Ansari

Volume 4, Issue 2 , June 2017, , Pages 36-40

Abstract

  Background: To date, with rapid increase of bilingual children, more attention about different patterns of the bilingual children narratives is needed. The aim of this study was to ...  Read More Background: To date, with rapid increase of bilingual children, more attention about different patterns of the bilingual children narratives is needed. The aim of this study was to compare microstructure level of narratives generated by typical developing kindergarten children who were bilingual in Persian and Balochi with monolingual Persian speakers.Method: Thirty Persian-speaking monolingual and thirteen available bilingual children (aged 48 months old) participated in this study. Children’s story telling was audio-recorded and analyzed using the Persian-NAP (Narrative Assessment Protocol) guidelines. Results: All of the NAP indicators include of group structure, phrase structure, modifiers, noun and verbs didn’t show significant difference between monolingual and bilingual children (0.06≤p≤0.5).Conclusion: We didn’t find different performance in the five NAP indicators between bilingual and monolingual children. It may be suggested that the different patterns of creating phrases and sentences in two languages don’t affect the grammatical use of them in second language. 

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