Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences & Research

The Interaction of Knee, Hip and L5-S1 Joint Contact Forces and spatiotemporal variables between Sound and Prosthetic Leg in Patients with Unilateral below-knee Amputation during Walking

Keyvan Sharifmoradi; Mostafa kamali Ardekani; Mohammad Taghi Karimi

Volume 4, Issue 2 , June 2017, , Pages 53-59

Abstract

  Background: there is little knowledge explaining how forces applied on knee, hip and L5-S1 joint between the sound and prosthetic leg in unilateral Below-Knee Amputation (BKA), so the ...  Read More Background: there is little knowledge explaining how forces applied on knee, hip and L5-S1 joint between the sound and prosthetic leg in unilateral Below-Knee Amputation (BKA), so the aim of this study was to assess the interaction of knee, hip and L5-S1 joint contact forces between sound and prosthetic leg in patients with unilateral BKA during walkingMethods: Five patients with BKA were recruited in this study. A Qualisys motion system capture with seven cameras and a Kistler force plate were used to record kinematics and kinetics variables of walking. The forces applied on knee, hip and L5-S1 joint contact forces (JCF) were calculated by using Open-SIM software. SPSS software was used to analyze data at an alpha set point of 0.05.Result: The propulsive and second peaks of ground reaction forces applied on sound leg were significantly higher than prosthetic leg (p<0.05). Although the forces applied on hip, knee and L5-S1 joint in the sound leg were higher compared to prosthetic leg, the interaction between side and joint factor was not significant (p>0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the meaningful JCF applied on the sound leg were more than that of prosthetic leg. Insignificant increases in JCF on the sound leg during life can create cumulative forces on knee and low-back and endanger these joints at the risk of knee OA and chronic low-back pain. Balanced forces applied on sound and prosthetic leg is important, if this is the case, so indicating using a proper usage of socket pin and prosthetic feet which may have beneficial impact on sound side loads.

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More realistic dynamical modeling of a humanoid robotic arm to reduce control effort with uncertainty using self-impact joint constrained

Seyed Iman Hosseini; Yousef Bazargan Lari

Volume 6, Issue 2 , June 2019, , Pages 68-79

Abstract

  Background:The main challenge of modeling humanoid robots is establishing a compromise between the simplicity of the model and accuracy of the system. One of the realities of movement ...  Read More Background:The main challenge of modeling humanoid robots is establishing a compromise between the simplicity of the model and accuracy of the system. One of the realities of movement which is important about humans is moving their hands to keep balance and reduce energy consumption while they are walking. Methods: In this context, the role of elbow joint and the limitation that the joint exerts in terms of movement on the forearm and arm as self-impact joint constraint is undeniable. This paper deals with modeling and control of humanoid robot’s hand as double-pendulum will consider mentioned constraint while normal walking and also in throwing darts. Results: The presence of the self-impact joint constraint contributed to about a 26% saving in power consumption of robot motors within an impact range of 0.6346 to 0.6896 during normal human walking.  Since this control has a high power, 10 to 30% of the uncertainty was added to the length and mass parameters. As was observed, this controller routed the desired curves in the least possible time. Conclusion: As mentioned earlier, consideration of this constraint in elbow joint of the humanoid robot will help in approaching the reality of system in comparison with past models previously designed. As constraint causes addition of severe nonlinear terms to dynamic system equation, the control of systems with this type of constraint faces a great deal of complexity. For adaptive-neural controller to control of the system of humanoid robot’s hand will be used. Also, to display the ability of control system, the uncertainty of length and mass for this system will be considered. The existence of self-impact joint constraint will cause saving in consumption power of robot engines within the impact range.

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The Comparison of Neurodevelopmental- Bobath Approach with Occupational Therapy Home Program on Gross Motor Function of Children with Cerebral Palsy

Faranak Behzadi; Hesammedin Noroozi; Marzieh Mohamadi

Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 21-24

Abstract

  Background & objectives: Traditional Bobath approach (TBA) is one of the several methods using in treatment of children with cerebral palsy (CP) who referred to occupational therapy ...  Read More Background & objectives: Traditional Bobath approach (TBA) is one of the several methods using in treatment of children with cerebral palsy (CP) who referred to occupational therapy setting. In this study, the effect of TBA compared with home program Bobath approach (HPBA), on the gross motor function (GMF) of children with CP.Methods: in this clinical trial, 30 children with CP studied in two groups of 15, randomly. Control group received Bobath traditional services 12 sessions. In the intervention group, along with these services, parents participated in training program and fallowed the exercises. Peabody scale assessed GMF before and after intervention.Results: GMF increased significantly in both groups. In addition, differences between the two groups were significant (p=.007).Conclusions: the results of this study showed that TBA with HPBA was more effective than the traditional ones.

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Comparison of the Effects of Massage and Cryotherapy on the Knee Extensor Muscles Fatigue and Isokinetic Parameters in Soccer Players

Mohsen Razeghi; Hassan Nouri

Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2015, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  Background:Fatigue can cause a significant effect on the mechanics of complex motor skills and reduce physical and mental efficiency. One of the common ways to reduce fatigue is passive ...  Read More Background:Fatigue can cause a significant effect on the mechanics of complex motor skills and reduce physical and mental efficiency. One of the common ways to reduce fatigue is passive recovering or using massage and cryotherapy after exercise. The present study aimed to compare the effects of massage and cryotherapy on muscles fatigue and isokinetic parameters.Methods:This study was conducted on54 healthy athletes aged 20-30 years who were randomly divided into three groups: cooling (ice therapy), massage, and control (resting). Each of the volunteers was evaluated in two sessions. The first session was to familiarize the participants with isokinetic contraction. The second session started with a brief warm up subsequently, using Biodex Isokinetic System Average Peak Torque (APTQ), Average Power (AP), and Total Work (TW) were measured. Then, the fatigue protocol was applied. Afterwards, interventions were performed for 15 minutes. After the intervention, isokinetic parameters were evaluated again. Also, perceived fatigue and Fatigue Index (FI) were recorded before and after the intervention.Results:APTQ, AP, and TW significantlyincreased in massage and cryotherapy groupsafter the intervention, while perceived fatigue and FI decreased significantly in both conditions (P<0.05). In the control group, however, no significant differences were observed in APTQ, AP, and TW before and after the intervention (P>0.05), but perceived fatigue and FI decreased significantly (P<0.05). Moreover, isokinetic variables (APTQ, AP, and TW) were higher in the massage group compared to cryotherapy and control groups (P<0.05), but such a difference was not observed between the massage and cryotherapy groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: Massage and cryotherapy could increase isokinetic parameters and decrease FI and perceived fatigue. Therefore, massage and cryotherapy have been more effective than rest as a strategy to return to normal state and no significant difference was observed between these two groups.

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Effect of Kinesiotaping and Stretching Exercise on Forward Shoulder Angle in Females with Rounded Shoulder Posture

Arghavan Hajibashi; Ali Amiri; Javad Sarrafzadeh; Nader Maroufi; Shohreh Jalae

Volume 1, Issue 4 , December 2014, , Pages 78-83

Abstract

  Background: Rounded shoulder posture is a common abnormal posture in upper quarter. Kinesiotape is a new intervention that recently used in rehabilitation. There are no studies have ...  Read More Background: Rounded shoulder posture is a common abnormal posture in upper quarter. Kinesiotape is a new intervention that recently used in rehabilitation. There are no studies have examined the effect of kinesiotape on rounded shoulder posture. Therefore the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of scapular kinesiotaping and pectoralis minor stretching exercise on forward shoulder angle in female subjects with rounded shoulder posture.Methods: Twenty female students aged between 18 to 25 years old with rounded shoulder posture participated in this study. Then, the subjects were randomly and equally assigned to two groups: the stretch group and the stretch plus kinesiotape group. Both groups were trained for doing home exercise to stretch Pectoralis minor bilaterally for two weeks. Kinesiotape group received kinesiotape on scapular area additionally. Forward shoulder angle was measured in four sessions including pre-intervention (first session), immediately after the first intervention (second session), fourth day (third session) and at the end of two weeks (fourth session). Two-way repeated measures ANOVA (4x2) was used for data analysis.Results: kinesiotape group showed significant within-group decrease in forward shoulder angle between first session with three other sessions (P≤0.05).There was no significant within-group difference in stretch group and between groups (P=0.20) forward shoulder angle-by-group interaction in measurement sessions was significantly different (P=0.02)Conclusion: scapular kinesiotaping along with pectoralis minor stretching exercise improved rounded shoulder posture in subjects of the present study. kinesiotape is suggested as a complementary treatment with immediate effects on postural correction of rounded shoulder.

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Original Articles

Investigating Psychometric Properties to Explore the Talents of Children with Special Needs in Indonesia

Subagya Subagya; Munawir Yusuf; Priyono Priyono; Erma Sari; Arsy Anggrellanggi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 28 October 2023

Abstract

  Background: This study aims exploring psychometric properties to improve the interest of the talents of children with special needs in Indonesia. Method: This study uses a descriptive ...  Read More Background: This study aims exploring psychometric properties to improve the interest of the talents of children with special needs in Indonesia. Method: This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach. The population of the qualitative part included the teachers of special schools in the Indonesia. For this purpose, teachers/therapists in this field were selected purposefully. In the quantitative part, the sample size was considered to be 354 who were selected by random sampling. In order to analyze the information in the qualitative section, all the interviews were written down and then all the important topics were coded in several steps. For the quantitative part of the research, content validity, material analysis, internal consistency and retesting were examined. Results: The results of the qualitative analysis of the interviews showed that the talents of these children fall into 6 categories: cognitive, language, movement, social and emotional, learning and education, and daily life skills. The minimum and maximum (Content validity ratio) of CVR is equal to 0.8 and 1. The results of the correlation of the items with the total score of the scale indicate that all the items have a significant correlation with the total score. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed the existence of 6 factors with acceptable factor loading. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the children’s behavioral questionnaire has acceptable psychometric properties and can be used in research and rehabilitation activities.

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Literature Reviews

Occupational therapy interventions for Acute Psychiatric Inpatient: a scoping review

Hajar Sabour Eghbali MostafaKhan; Fatemeh Hasanati; zahra nobakht

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 11 March 2024

Abstract

  Background: Individuals with mental disorders experience limitations in participation in daily life activities. Exacerbation of the symptoms and the person's inability to function ...  Read More Background: Individuals with mental disorders experience limitations in participation in daily life activities. Exacerbation of the symptoms and the person's inability to function sufficiently are reason to hospitalization. Our aim was to review the existing studies to determine the extent and nature of research in occupational therapy intervention for acute psychiatric inpatient by a scoping review. Method: The scoping review was conducted to extract relevant literature using the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. The review was done in three stages according to the scoping review method including pre-search, search and post-search steps. Structured search of three databases including Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus was conducted for items dated to 5 April 2023. Two independent reviewers reviewed the extracted literature in two stages. Results:Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria. The majority of publications were in the Japan followed by United States and Germany. Occupational therapy intervention was compared with control group who did not participate in such activities. Statistically significant difference was reported in the scores of Personal and Social Performance Scale. Use of a weighted blanket in sensory room reduced significantly distress and a range of disturbed behaviors. In the investigation of effectiveness of MetaCognitive Training, Cognitive Remediation and Occupational Connections (OC) significant differences were reported between the groups. Conclusion:It seems that occupational therapy intervention in acute psychiatric inpatient is effective intervention. Further investigation need to prepare occupational therapy intervention methods for acute psychiatric inpatients.

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Original Articles

The effects of pain neuroscience education plus conventional physical therapy on pain and quality of life in adults with chronic nonspecific neck pain and central sensitization

Fateme Derisfard; Farzane Soleimani; Maryam saadat; Marzieh Saeidi; Hosein Kouhzad Mohamadi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 22 April 2024

Abstract

  Background: Chronic non-specific neck pain (CNP) is the second most common musculoskeletal disorder. Central sensitization (CS) of pain is probably the reason for the persistence or ...  Read More Background: Chronic non-specific neck pain (CNP) is the second most common musculoskeletal disorder. Central sensitization (CS) of pain is probably the reason for the persistence or relapse of pain cycles in CNP patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pain neuroscience education (PNE) added to conventional physical therapy on pain intensity, CS, and quality of life in patients with CNP who have CS.Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, twenty-five patients with CNP who have CS, participated in a 4 weeks intervention program including conventional physical therapy plus PNE. CS, pain intensity and quality of life were assessed with CS inventory, visual analog scale (VAS), and SF-36 respectively. All the subjects were evaluated before and after 12 (three times a week) sessions of the intervention.Results: The results of the present study showed that after the intervention, the pain intensity and CS decreased (pain intensity: mean difference = -58.96±16.35, Effect Size = - 3.61, CS: mean difference = -25.52±7.25, Effect Size = - 3.52) and the quality-of-life score increased (mean difference = 24.04±12.50, Effect Size = 1.92) significantly. Also, the quality of life score was significantly correlated with age.Conclusion: It seems that adding PNE to conventional physical therapy is more effective than conventional physical therapy alone in patients with CNP in improving CS, pain intensity, and quality of life.  

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Original Articles

The Effect of Eight Weeks of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Training on Functional Movement Screening Test and Posture Control of Athletes with Lower Crossed Syndrome

Mohammad Rahimi; Farangis Sadat Chavoshi; Farhad Rajabi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 22 April 2024

Abstract

  Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) training on movement patterns and posture control in female athletes with ...  Read More Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) training on movement patterns and posture control in female athletes with lower crossed syndrome (LCS). Methods: This study is based on a semi-experimental study with a pre- and post-test design. Thirty healthy athlete women with age average (24.98±2.26) with LCS were randomly divided into the experimental group (15 subject) and control group (15 subject). Subjects in experimental group performed the DNS training protocol for 8 weeks at 3 sessions per week. Before and after the training intervention, the Y-balance test and Functional Movement Screening (FMS) were used to assess posture control and functional movements. For data analysis, the paired t-test, ANCOVA, and Wilcoxon test were used. Results: The finding of ANCOVA indicated a significant difference in the Y-balance test and FMS scores between the experimental and control groups in subjects with LCS. In the study of within-group differences, the mean of research variables in the experimental group in the post-test scores was better than that in the pre-test after participating in DNS exercises (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, eight weeks of DNS training had a significant effect on the scores of functional movement screening test and Y-balance test in female athletes with Lower Crossed Syndrome. Therefore, these exercises can be recommended to athletes to improve the balance or performance of their lower limbs.  

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Original Articles

A Multithreading Queuing based sEMG Data Acquisition System for Rehabilitation with Real-Time Visualization

Rajendra Kachhwaha; Ajay P Vyas; Rajesh Bhadada; Rajendra Kachhwaha

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 22 April 2024

Abstract

  Background: Myoelectric signals have been used in various applications during the past two decades, most notably in rehabilitation technology and hybrid human-machine interfaces. A ...  Read More Background: Myoelectric signals have been used in various applications during the past two decades, most notably in rehabilitation technology and hybrid human-machine interfaces. A critical issue encountered in the fabrication of self-engineered and economical devices is the acquisition of a reliable and accurate myoelectric signal. Furthermore, identifying the optimal anatomical site for signal detection on the muscle presents a considerable challenge that this study aims to address. Method: This study is an applied research, specifically a technological development study with experimental elements. This research proposes a multithreading queuing-based technology to display and record muscle activity in real-time when applied to a low-cost multi-channel surface electromyography (sEMG) signal-collection system. This technique has been compared in terms of categorization results utilizing raw (R) dataset and feature (F) dataset via specialized classifiers to categorize sEMG signals of the silent utterance of English vowels from the three facial muscles of a single healthy volunteer. Results: Using the low-cost hardware with the proposed sEMG data acquisition technique, significantly surpasses previous techniques in English vowel classification accuracy, achieving 0.91 mean accuracy for both R (raw) and F (feature) datasets, a substantial increase over past research. Model4, when used with low-cost hardware, attains a notable 0.94 mean accuracy, far exceeding traditional methods, from 14.6% to 74.07% improvement compared to prior studies. Conclusion: The results we obtained with MTQ technique are significantly improved to those of existing hardware configurations, which means that low-cost sEMG data collection devices could be used instead of commercial hardware configurations in the rehabilitation device and related human-machine interface domains.    

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Ability of Side Hop Test to Predict Deficits in Dynamic Balance Control and Isometric Strength of Hip and Ankle Muscles in Recreational Male Athletes with Chronic Ankle Instability

Fatemeh varezardi; Neda Orakifar; Razieh Mofateh; maryam Seyedtabib

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 22 April 2024

Abstract

   Background: Functional performance tests (FPTs) combine multiple movement components that are mostly assessed by instruments. While, FPTs are inexpensive, quick to administer, ...  Read More  Background: Functional performance tests (FPTs) combine multiple movement components that are mostly assessed by instruments. While, FPTs are inexpensive, quick to administer, and convenient to perform. Among the these tests, side hop test (SHT) is a useful tool for physiotherapists to evaluate functional limitations in athletes with chronic ankle instability (CAI).  Using a valid FPT to assess multiple movement components and detect specific deficits may be helpful for identifying impaired component easily and accelerating rehabilitation training and consequently returning athletes with CAI to the sport safely. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between the SHT performance, dynamic balance control and isometric strength of hip and ankle muscles in recreational male athletes with CAI. Specifically, the study was aimed to examine the ability of SHT to predict deficits in the dynamic balance control and isometric strength of hip and ankle muscles in these individuals.  Methods: Sixty recreational male athletes with CAI (mean age 29.6 ± 6.2years) participated in this cross-sectional study. The SHT score, dynamic balance control using Modified Star Excursion Balance Test (MSEBT) and maximal isometric strength for invertor, evertor, hip abductor, and external rotator muscles using hand-held dynamometry were assessed. Bivariate correlations and simple linear regression were used for analysis the assessed variables.Results: Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed fair negative correlations between the SHT and MSEBT in the posteromedial (PM) (r = -0.43, P < 0.001) and posterolateral (PL) reach directions (r = -0.26, P = 0.04). Linear regression model showed that only 19% of variance in the PM reach direction and 7 % variance in the PL reach direction were explained by the SHT score. Conclusion: The SHT may not be an appropriate tool for predicting deficites in dynamic balance control and isometric strength of hip and ankle muscles in recreational male athletes with CAI. 

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Original Articles

The effect of volleyball specific fatigue protocol on balance, proprioception and performance of volleyball players with high and low risk of ACL injury

Hamid Alizadeh Darabi; Ebrahim Mohammad Ali Nasab Firouzjah; Sajad Roshani

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 22 April 2024

Abstract

  Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of volleyball specific fatigue on balance, proprioception and performance of volleyball players with high and low risk ...  Read More Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of volleyball specific fatigue on balance, proprioception and performance of volleyball players with high and low risk of ACL injury. Methods: The current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design. therefore, 40 volleyball players from Urmia were selected in two groups with low and high risk of ACL injury. After selecting the subjects by using landing error scoring system (LESS) test (score below 6 indicates low risk and score above 6 indicates high risk), static balance with stork test, dynamic balance with Y balance test, knee proprioception with goniometer and performance with Sargent jump test was evaluated. After that, the special volleyball fatigue protocol was used to create fatigue and after causing fatigue, the tests were evaluated again. Analysis of covariance and dependent t-tests were used to compare the differences inter-group and intra-group. Results: The results of dependent t-tests and analysis of covariance showed that fatigue had a significant effect on the reducing of static balance (P=0.001, P=0.001), the total score of dynamic balance (P=0.001, P=0.001) and It has performance (P=0.001, P=0.001). The results of Wilcoxon and U-Man-Whitney tests also showed that fatigue has a significant effect on reducing proprioception (P=0.001, P=0.001). The results also showed a significant difference between the groups in all variables (P<0.05) except proprioception (P>0.05). Conclusion: In general, the results of the present study showed that fatigue was an important factor in reducing balance, proprioception and explosive power, that this decrease in the group with high risk of injury is more than the group with low risk of injury and this difference can be attributed to the basic neuromuscular weakness in the high-risk group of injury.      

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Original Articles

Is School Function in Children with Down syndrome be same as their Normally Developing Peers? A Preliminary Study

Farnoush Khosravi; minoo kalantari; Marzieh Pashmdarfard; Hamidreza Rostami; Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban; Faezeh Heidari Beni

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 22 April 2024

Abstract

  Background: Active participation in school is an effective way to develop children's cognitive and social development. Children with Down syndrome (DS) confront various problems in ...  Read More Background: Active participation in school is an effective way to develop children's cognitive and social development. Children with Down syndrome (DS) confront various problems in the school environment due to different impairments in body functions and structures.   Methods: This study aimed to clarify the nature of performance of children with DS in the school environment in Isfahan, Iran. In this cross-sectional study, a convenient sample of 51 children with DS was recruited from five schools for exceptional children and their normally developing peers recruited from four regular schools in Isfahan, Iran. Parents and teachers completed the demographic information questionnaire, and only teachers completed the School Function Assessment (SFA).   Results: Children with DS had a moderate level of participation (criterion score = 60.04). The children's school function scores were significantly lower than the criterion scores of normally developing peers. There was no significant relationship between gender, age, and educational level with school function scores in children with DS (p>0.05). Conclusion: School functions of children with DS was significantly different with their normally developing peers. Children with DS are significantly better in physical performance than in cognitive-behavioral functions. The weakest cognitive-behavioral functions requiring particular rehabilitation interventions are task behavior/completion and safety.  

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Original Articles

The Effectiveness of Electroacupuncture on Functional Status, Symptom Severity, Pain and Grip Strength in Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Study Protocol for a Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial.

Hasti Lotfi; Alireza Pahlevan Sabagh; Abbas Tabatabaiee; Mehrnaz Kajbafvala; Mahdi Ashoori; Marzieh Yassin

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 22 April 2024

Abstract

  Background: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral nerve entrapment that alters median nerve function at the carpal tunnel level. As a previous study showed, many ...  Read More Background: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral nerve entrapment that alters median nerve function at the carpal tunnel level. As a previous study showed, many patients prefer non-surgical treatment. While some shreds of evidence show electroacupuncture can lead to nerve regeneration and functional improvement, the results remain inconclusive. This study aims to explore the impact of electroacupuncture on symptom severity, functional status, pain, and grip strength in patients with mild and moderate CTS. Methods: The present study is a two-arm parallel-group, double-blinded, randomized, sham-controlled superiority trial. The study includes 38 patients diagnosed with CTS who will be assigned to the treatment group, which includes electroacupuncture, and the control group, which includes Sham electroacupuncture for ten sessions twice weekly. Both groups will receive neurodynamic techniques as standard treatment. Symptom severity, functional status, pain, and grip strength will be assessed at baseline, after the fifth session, 48 hours following the tenth session, and two months post-treatment. Conclusion: The present study will evaluate the efficacy of electroacupuncture in CTS patients. Trial registration: This trial was registered at https://www.irct.ir/, (IRCT20191208045652N5) on 7/12/2022.    

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Original Articles

Client Perspectives of Telerehabilitation in Stuttering during the Pandemic Covid- 19: A Survey at a Tertiary Rehabilitation Center in Kerala

Preethy Susan Reni; Vrinda R; Rejitha Kumari L; Suja K Kunnath

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 20 May 2024

Abstract

  Background  The reported studies from India on telerehabilitation had addressed the matter from the clinicians’ point of view. Hence this study aimed to understand the client ...  Read More Background  The reported studies from India on telerehabilitation had addressed the matter from the clinicians’ point of view. Hence this study aimed to understand the client perspectives of telerehabilitation in adults who stutter during the pandemic Covid-19. Method A mixed survey method of an interview and a self-report questionnaire was used to understand the client perspectives of telerehabilitation in adults who stutter during the Covid-19 pandemic. Twelve adults who stutter in the age range of 18 to 40 years who were attending telerehabilitation at the home institute participated in the study. Results All the participants were comfortable in discussing their problems and anxieties with the clinician during tele-therapy sessions and 91.7% (n=11) of the participants reported that they could handle the online platform well. Among the participants, 66.7% (n=8) of them rated the sessions as excellent, 33.3% (n=4) rated the sessions as good.  Half of the participants preferred tele sessions while the other 50% of them preferred hybrid mode. Avoiding travel during pandemic was considered as an advantage by majority of the participants. Internet connectivity issues was the major disadvantage identified. Conclusion The results of the study helped to identify the advantages of telerehabilitation and also the possible challenges faced by adults who stutter during the treatment duration. The participants believed that the telerehabilitation for stuttering could help them to improve their fluency of speech and hence it was reported to be a viable way for individuals with stuttering.   tering, adults who stutter, telerehabilitation, Covid-19 

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Original Articles

Assessment of Knee Angular Deformities: Correlation between Photogrammetric, Clinical and Radiographic Methods

Nasim Rashedi; Bina Eftekharsadat; Neda Dolatkhah; Jafar Soleymanpour; Yaghoub Salekzamani; Soraya Babaie

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 20 May 2024

Abstract

  Background: Photogrammetry is a safe and non-invasive technique for evaluating posture in clinical settings.  Body vision is a novel system that employs photogrammetric principles ...  Read More Background: Photogrammetry is a safe and non-invasive technique for evaluating posture in clinical settings.  Body vision is a novel system that employs photogrammetric principles to assess postural parameters. This study aimed to determine the relationship between clinical, photogrammetric, and radiologic techniques in knee angular deformity detection.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 53 volunteers of both genders, with a total of 106 lower limbs with complaints of knee pain or knee deformity. Sampling was conducted in a non-random and accessible manner considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Moreover, all of the participants had previously full-length lower limb radiographs. The clinical evaluation was conducted through the measurement of the anatomical axis, Q angle, and intermalleolar and intercondylar distances. The aforementioned parameters were evaluated using the Body Vision photogrammetric system while the patient was in a standing position. Finally, the analysis was performed using angles and distances obtained from these methods.Results: The evaluations indicated a strong correlation between the photogrammetric and radiological methods regarding the anatomical axis of the lower limb (r=0.939, p<0.001). Moreover, a high correlation was obtained between the clinical and photogrammetric methods to the intermalleolar distance (r=0.948, p<0.001) and intercondylar distance (r=0.927, p<0.001). Regarding the Q angle, a high but relatively lower correlation was detected between the clinical and photogrammetric methods compared to the previous cases (r=0.834, p<0.001). However, a moderate correlation has been detected from the clinical measurement of the anatomical axis with photogrammetric and radiological methods (r= 0.70, r= 0.62 respectively).Conclusions: As a result of this study, a strong correlation was demonstrated between the photogrammetric technique and the gold standard method, indicating that photogrammetry can be used as an alternative method for evaluating knee angular deviations.  

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Original Articles

The relationship between Attention and Balance in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A comparative preliminary study in diplegia and hemiplegia

mahrokh ghahari; Aliyeh Daryabor; mino kalantari; ashkan irani; zahra Shafiee

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 20 May 2024

Abstract

  Background:  Among the important issues and problems related to children with cerebral palsy after tone disorder and imbalance, attention and concentration disorders of these children ...  Read More Background:  Among the important issues and problems related to children with cerebral palsy after tone disorder and imbalance, attention and concentration disorders of these children during activities can be mentioned. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between attention and balance in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 15 children with hemiplegia (8.8  ±2), and 10 with diplegia (8.5± 1.43), with Gross Motor Function Classification System level II, and Manual Ability Classification System level II were recruited from occupational therapy clinics in Tehran, Iran. Attention and balance were measured by Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), respectively. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used at a significance level of α=0.05 to determine the relationship between attention and balance in children with CP. Results: The study showed Spearman's correlation test had no significant interaction between dynamic and static balance with attention (P<0.05) in children with hemiplegia. However, there was a significant correlation between dynamic balance and attention (P=0.04), static balance and attention (P=0.01), along total balance and attention (P=0.02) in children with the same category. Conclusion: Based on our findings, there was a significant correlation between attention and balance in diplegic CP, but not for hemiplegic. Considering that diplegic children have weaker dynamic and static balance compared to hemiplegic children, it seems that sources pay more attention to balance and due to the small size of the samples, it needs further investigation  

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Original Articles

Comparison of Some Postural and Functional Indicators in Adolescent Boys with and without Chronic Non-Specific Low-Back Pain

moein yari bishak; Ebrahim mohammad ali nasab firouzjah; Mehri Mohammadi Dangraloo

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 20 May 2024

Abstract

  Background: Back pain are one of the common disorders in people, which can be caused by various factors and have various consequences. The purpose of this study was to compare some ...  Read More Background: Back pain are one of the common disorders in people, which can be caused by various factors and have various consequences. The purpose of this study was to compare some pastural and functional indicators in adolescent boys with and without non-specific chronic back pain. Methods: 30 adolescent male students with non-specific chronic back pain and 30 healthy adolescent male students were selected purposefully. Individuals with non-specific chronic low back pain were identified using a visual pain scale as well as confirmation by a physical medicine specialist. Then, kyphosis and lordosis with a flexible ruler, proprioception with the lumbar angle active reconstruction test at a 30-degree angle using a goniometer, core stability with McGill functional tests, upper limb function with the upper limb Y test and Static and dynamic balance were evaluated with stork and Y lower limb tests, respectively. To compare the average variables in two groups with and without non-specific chronic back pain, independent T-test was used. Results: The results of the research showed that there is a significant difference between proprioception, core stability, static and dynamic balance between two groups with and without non-specific chronic back pain. But in other variables, no significant difference was observed between the two groups. Conclusions: The results show the importance of paying attention to proprioception and core stability and static and dynamic balance in adolescent boys with non-specific chronic back pain and in order to develop and strengthen them in the design of rehabilitation protocols, special attention should be paid to these components.    

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Original Articles

The Effectiveness of Puppet Play Therapy on Social Skills of Children with Cochlear Implantation

Sedigheh Rezaei Dehnavi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 20 May 2024

Abstract

  Background: Learning social skills is a significant challenge for Hearing Impaired Children (HIC).  Play therapy is a suggested intervention for facilitating and accelerating social-emotional ...  Read More Background: Learning social skills is a significant challenge for Hearing Impaired Children (HIC).  Play therapy is a suggested intervention for facilitating and accelerating social-emotional development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Puppet Play Therapy (PPT) on the social skills of male children aged 6 to 9 years with Cochlear Implant (CI). Methods: This quasi-experimental study used a pretest-posttest design with a control group. Twenty-four male students aged 6 to 9 years with CI were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n=12) or the control group (n=12). Participants in the experimental group received cognitive-behavioral play therapy using puppets in ten 45–60-minute sessions. The Gersham and Eliot Social Skills Rating System was used to measure social skills in the pretest and posttest. Results: The findings indicated that the mean scores of three social skills subscales, including cooperation (p<0.001), assertion (<0.001), and self-control (p<0.001), were significantly higher in the experimental group after PPT. Conclusions: Based on the results, PPT is suggested as an effective intervention for improving social skills in children with CI as a supplementary rehabilitation.  

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Original Articles

The Effect of Eight Weeks of NASM Training and Kinetic Chain Training on Pelvic Tilt, Lordosis, and Hip Joint ROM in Individuals with LCS

Leila Ghadirian marnani; hooman fatahi; mehrnoosh esmaeilian; Saeid Rostami

Articles in Press, Corrected Proof, Available Online from 11 June 2024

Abstract

  Introduction: Lower crossed syndrome is a common condition with muscle imbalances and reduced flexibility. The aim of this semi-experimental pre-test and post-test study was to compare ...  Read More Introduction: Lower crossed syndrome is a common condition with muscle imbalances and reduced flexibility. The aim of this semi-experimental pre-test and post-test study was to compare the effects of NASM and kinetic chain exercises on lordosis, pelvic tilt, and hip joint ROM in individuals with LCS .Methods: This study employed a semi-experimental design in the field of sports. Thirty participants were purposefully and conveniently selected and randomly divided into three groups: NASM, kinetic chain, and control group. The NASM and kinetic chain groups underwent an 8-week training program consisting of 3 sessions per week. Lumbar lordosis angle was measured using a flexible ruler, pelvic tilt angle was measured using a tilt meter, and hip joint ROM was measured using a goniometer, before and after the 8-week training program. To analyze the data, the statistical method of analysis of variance with repeated measures was used and the level of significance was considered to be P ≥ 0.05. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 softwareResults: the results showed that both NASM and kinetic chain exercises significantly decreased lumbar lordosis (P=0.000 for both)  and anterior tilt of the pelvis (P=0.000 for both) and significantly increased hip joint ROM in flexion and extension (P=0.000 for both). Follow-up tests showed that the NASM exercises had a greater effect on reducing lumbar lordosis, anterior tilt of the pelvis, and increasing the ROM of hip flexion compared to kinetic chain exercises, while the kinetic chain exercises had a greater effect on increasing the ROM of hip extension compared to NASM exercises.Conclusion: In conclusion NASM and kinetic chain exercises can be used by corrective exercise experts to improve the symptoms of LCS. NASM exercises are particularly effective in reducing lumbar lordosis and anterior tilt of the pelvis, as well as increasing the ROM of hip flexion, while kinetic chain exercises should be used to increase the ROM of hip extension. 

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Original Articles

Comparing the effectiveness of modified Iranian and rigid Minerva braces in cervical and thoracic spine movements

Alireza Khalili; hossein asiyaeimehr; Mohammad taghi Karimi; Amirhossein Zare

Articles in Press, Corrected Proof, Available Online from 11 June 2024

Abstract

  Background: To facilitate the fusion of the injury site For nonoperative treatment or after surgery, various braces are available to immobilize an unstable cervical spine. The most ...  Read More Background: To facilitate the fusion of the injury site For nonoperative treatment or after surgery, various braces are available to immobilize an unstable cervical spine. The most effective and successful braces for immobilizing unstable cervical spine injuries are Minerva and Halo. The performance of cervical braces was measured by the degree of motion restriction. This study aims to obtain information on the function of modified Iranian and rigid Minerva braces compared with each other by relying on three-dimensional motion analysis as a standard method. Methods: Twenty-nine healthy male subjects without a history of spinal pain, malformation, and surgery were included in the study. This is a cross-sectional study. A 3D Motion capture system was used to record cervical and thoracic spine flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation. Range of motion was tested without a brace, with modified Iranian and rigid Minerva braces. Results: Immobilization in flexion (89.03%>87.8%) and rotation (84.85%>83.19%) were higher in the modified Iranian Minerva than in rigid Minerva, but extension (89.37%>85.95%) and lateral bending (81.26%>71.71%) were higher in rigid Minerva at cervical region (p value>0.05). In flexion (76.35% <75.96%), lateral bending (46.92% >44.5%) and extension (79.44%>62.58%) immobilization were higher in the rigid Minerva than modified Iranian Minerva, but rotation (53.04%>41.21%) was more restricted in the modified Iranian Minerva than in the rigid Minerva at the thoracic region (p-value>0.05).  Conclusion: Both Minerva braces significantly reduced the neck’s range of motion (p-value<0.05). The Rigid Minerva was more effective in controlling extension and lateral bending, but the modified Iranian Minerva provided greater flexion and rotation limitations (p-value<0.05).    

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Case Report

Physical therapy interventions for a patient with poor muscle strength, knee functions, and psychological readiness after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with meniscus repair: a case report

I Putu Gde Surya Adhitya; I Gusti Ngurah Wien Aryana; Putu Ayu Sita Saraswati; Fajar Purnama; Ida Kurniawati; Noval Adhitya Wardhana; I Putu Prananda Dinata; Putu Devinda Ardaswari; Tabita Febyola Wijaya

Articles in Press, Corrected Proof, Available Online from 11 June 2024

Abstract

  Background: This study aimed to evaluate phase III of physical therapy management, which is late rehabilitation phase based on the patient's specific goals and athletic demands, to ...  Read More Background: This study aimed to evaluate phase III of physical therapy management, which is late rehabilitation phase based on the patient's specific goals and athletic demands, to increase muscle strength, knee functions, psychological readiness following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Case Presentation: A patient underwent ACLR using a hamstring tendon graft with lateral meniscus repair on November 7, 2022. Thirteen weeks after surgery, the patient represented the poor muscle strength (< 10 mmHg vs. uninjured leg), knee function (< 80 of Lysholm's score), and psychological readiness (< 70 of ACL return to sport index (ACL-RSI) score).  The patient received 5 times the standard physical therapy interventions from February 6, 2023, to February 15, 2023. The leg circumferences, muscle strengths and knee functions in both legs were measured before and after interventions for the baseline and follow-up measurements. There were increases in leg circumferences, respectively, by 0.2cm, 1cm, and 0.5cm on the 20cm, 10cm, and 5cm above the center of the patella (COP) and by 1cm below COP. The strengths of the quadriceps, hamstrings, and calf muscles were improved by 12 mmHg, 15 mmHg, and 25 mmHg. In addition, there were score improvements in knee functions by 27 points of Lysholm's score and 32 points of ACL-RSI. Conclusion: The case study found that phase III of physical therapy interventions on an ACLR patient effectively improved leg circumferences, muscle strengths, knee functions, and psychological readiness. The physical therapy protocols of this study case can be used for reference to treat post-ACLR patients.  

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Original Articles

Comparison of physical performance of soccer players with and without anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction under the impact of knee injury prevention training: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Amir Shamlou kazemi; hassan daneshmandi; Parisa Sedaghti; Yasin Hoseini

Articles in Press, Corrected Proof, Available Online from 11 June 2024

Abstract

  Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is one of the severe and complex knee injuries that usually occur in soccer. The Sportsmetrics Soccer training (SMST) is one of ...  Read More Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is one of the severe and complex knee injuries that usually occur in soccer. The Sportsmetrics Soccer training (SMST) is one of the successful protocols for preventing knee injury and enhancing performance for soccer players. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the SMST injury prevention protocol on the performance of soccer players with and without anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Methods: The method of this research is a semi-experimental type, and the samples included 42 soccer players with an age range of 18-30 years old. These players had 3 years of regular exercise in soccer and were divided into two groups of 21 subjects (with and without ACLR). Physical performance was determined by the Illinois agility test, 40-yard sprint test, and Sargent vertical jump test in both groups before and after six weeks. SMST training was done in three sessions of 90 minutes. Statistical analysis was performed to compare intra-group differences with the dependent t-test and inter-group differences with covariance analysis test (P≤0.05). Results: The dependent t-test results in both groups after six weeks of SMST training showed a significant difference in speed (P=0.01), agility (P=0.01), and explosive power (P=0.01) factors. The results of the covariance analysis showed that after six weeks of training, there was no significant difference between the records of speed (P=0.57), agility (P=0.07), and explosive power (P=0.71) tests in the two groups. Conclusion: The main factor that increased performance indicators in the subjects was the similarity between the SMST protocol factors and performance evaluation tests. SMST training is highly recommended for healthy and ACLR players, as it helps to improve the level of physical and athletic performance of soccer players while preventing injury and even re-injury of the ACL.  

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Original Articles

Assessing the Impact of Closed and Open Kinetic Chain Hydrotherapy on Lumbo-Pelvic Stability, Pain Intensity, Kinesiophobia, Rate of Loading, and Vertical Ground Reaction Force in Men with Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial

hossien ashoury; Ali Yalfani; mahdi arjipour

Articles in Press, Corrected Proof, Available Online from 11 June 2024

Abstract

  Background: Chronic Non-Specific low back pain (CNSLBP) is recognized as one of the leading causes of work absenteeism and increased reliance on health insurance and healthcare services. ...  Read More Background: Chronic Non-Specific low back pain (CNSLBP) is recognized as one of the leading causes of work absenteeism and increased reliance on health insurance and healthcare services. Despite the widespread impact of this condition, there remains a scarcity of research investigating the effects of open and closed kinetic chain (O/CKC) exercises conducted in water on improving CNSLBP. Therefore, this study aimed to assessing the impact of closed and open kinetic chain hydrotherapy on lumbo-pelvic stability, pain intensity, kinesiophobia, rate of loading, and vertical ground reaction force in in men with non-specific chronic low back pain.Methods: The double-blind randomized controlled trial was designed with a pre-post-test in men aged 40-60 (48.10 ± 5.97) with CNSLBP. Patients were randomly assigned to two hydrotherapy groups CKCE and OKCE and the control group in this clinical trial. Pain intensity, kinesiophobia, Lumbo-Pelvic Stability (LPS), Rate of Loading (ROL) and Vertical Ground Reaction Force (vGRF) were measured with the visual analog scale, Tampa kinesiophobia scale, biofeedback pressure, and plantar pressures device. The intervention groups performed prescribed exercises for eight weeks and three sessions per week. The analysis of covariance was used to compare the group differences.Results: In the comparison within the OKCE and CKCE groups, significant differences were observed in the pre- and post-intervention measurements (p<0.05). Moreover, there were statistically significant differences in pain (p=0.001) and kinesiophobia scores (p=0.001) with a large effect size. Additionally, noteworthy differences were noted in vGRF (P=0.003), ROL (P=0.012), and LPS variables (p=0.022).Conclusion: The study results indicate that utilizing hydrotherapy exercises involving open and closed kinetic chains is beneficial in the rehabilitation of individuals with CNSLBP. We suggest that healthcare professionals, including doctors, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists, include these exercises in their comprehensive rehabilitation programs for such patients. 

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Original Articles

Effect of Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique and Posture Correction in Management of Neck Pain

Alka Pawalia; Varsha Sharma; Shabnam Joshi; Vikram Singh Yadav

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 07 July 2024

Abstract

  Background: The study's objective was to compare the efficiency of the Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique (INIT) which is a manual technique that includes three maneuvers ...  Read More Background: The study's objective was to compare the efficiency of the Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique (INIT) which is a manual technique that includes three maneuvers to provide relief from pain which are Muscle energy methods (MET), ischemic compression (IC), and strain-counter strain (SCS) with posture correction using a postural belt in participants with Mechanical Neck Pain. Methods: In this single-blinded randomized clinical trial 40 participants of mean age 34.32±7.90 years with mechanical neck pain were randomly divided into two groups. Group A received INIT and Group B received Posture Correction technique using posture Belt. Treatment was given 3 times a week for 3 weeks. Pain, craniovertebral angle (CVA), and neck disability were evaluated at the baseline and after the 3rd week. Results: Both intervention groups showed statistically significant changes for pain, CVA, as well as neck disability after intervention (P<0.05). However, INIT showed better results than posture correction for all outcome variables. Conclusion: INIT was better in reducing pain and disability along with improving CVA in mechanical neck pain than posture correction.  However, Posture correction belt can also be used as the next treatment of choice for its ease of application, easy acceptability and improvement in pain, disability and CVA too.   

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Original Articles

Development of Speech Therapy Application for Children with Stuttering (STACS)

Janith Raj Jayaraju; Amudhu Sankar

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 07 July 2024

Abstract

  Background: There is growing need for online therapy in the recent past due to various reasons such as, the COVID 19 pandemic, longer travel distance and duration of speech therapy ...  Read More Background: There is growing need for online therapy in the recent past due to various reasons such as, the COVID 19 pandemic, longer travel distance and duration of speech therapy sessions. The purpose of this study was to develop an application that will facilitate parents during speech therapy for children with stuttering. This app will provide a dynamic interaction between the Speech Language Pathologist (SLP) and the families of children with stuttering.Methods: A cross sectional study design was carried out. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of an app for parents of children with stuttering in the age range of    3 to 12 years. The app consisted of a brief description of analogies for stuttering with a video demonstration of the analogy. The contents of the app were evaluated by three speech and language pathologists who have minimum experience of 5 years in handling children with fluency disorders. 13 parents of children with stuttering participated in the study. The app was administered on children with stuttering along with their parents. Descriptive statistics and percentage analysis was calculated for background variables.Results: Findings revealed that almost all the parents found the instructions being provided in the app was easily understandable. 70% of the parents found it to be highly satisfying on the usefulness of the app. On assessment of the functionality of application, nearly 77% found it to be high satisfying. Nearly 85% of the parents found the app to very user friendly.Conclusion: Majority of the parents found this prototype app to be easy to use; efficient in training their children and the functionality of the app was highly accepted. This application assures to bring about a change in the child’s speech and facilitated effective communication. In future, this app can reach greatest number of clients to promote better fluency skills at a low-cost and effective way.  

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Original Articles

Acute effects of combined stretching protocols on myoelectric activity, and scapular kinematics of gymnasts.

omid kazemi; paulo marchetti; Aboozar Saadatian; hadi abbaszade ghanati

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 07 July 2024

Abstract

  Background: Typically, stretching is used to enhance the range of motion of a joint. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of combined stretching protocols ...  Read More Background: Typically, stretching is used to enhance the range of motion of a joint. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of combined stretching protocols on myoelectric activity, and scapular kinematics of the gymnasts. Methods: A total of 15 elite gymnasts [23.25±2.57 years, 170.93±5.88 cm, 64.54±5.06 kg] were tested before and after five different conditions (dynamic stretch, static stretch, dynamic + static stretch, static + dynamic stretch and no stretch). EMG acquisition system and Kestrel model motion analysis were used to capture myoelectric activation and scapula kinematic. Pretest and posttest were compared for myoelectric activation and the scapula kinematic data in five different conditions. Results: Two-way repeated measure showed significant differences after stretching protocols.  The post hoc test revealed significant differences between the pretest and posttests in myoelectric activation, and scapula kinematics (scapula tilt and scapula rotation) (P < .05). Furthermore, there were significant differences in the posttest between five different protocols (P < .05). Conclusion: A short-term effect of static- and dynamic-stretching protocols was observed on myoelectric activation and scapula kinematics in gymnasts. The static and dynamic stretching protocols presented some changes in muscle performance and scapula tilt. In conclusion, static and dynamic stretching can increase risk of injury in gymnasts.  

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Case Report

Application of Hypothetico Deductive Reasoning Process for Physiotherapy Management of a Case with Meniscus Injury

Faruq Ahmed; Mohammad Habibur Rahman; Ehsanur Rahman; Shazal Kumar Das; Md. Obaidul Haque

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 July 2024

Abstract

  Background: Clinical reasoning refers to professional decisions undertaken for physical rehabilitation. Hypothetico-deductive models of clinical reasoning involve self-images and clinical ...  Read More Background: Clinical reasoning refers to professional decisions undertaken for physical rehabilitation. Hypothetico-deductive models of clinical reasoning involve self-images and clinical decision-making processes. This study aimed to evaluate the application of hypothetico deductive reasoning (HDR) process for the physiotherapy management of a meniscus injury patient. Methods: The reported case for the study was a 42-year-old male banker who was referred for physiotherapy rehabilitation with complaining of severe pain, swelling, catching, and locking of the right knee joint. The single case based study that was solved using the HDR process. Results: After the 8th week of intervention, improvement was found in pain reduction, progression in muscle power, and increased range of motion of the knee joint. In addition, meniscus evaluation status also progressed from 20.9% to 71.4%, and the subject is currently able to participate in routine tasks. Clinical reasoning is the cornerstone of clinical practice. As meniscus tears were an atypical form, researchers used the HDR process for diagnosis and to solve the problem. Conclusion: It could easily make sense that the HDR process provides a holistic treatment approach for an unfamiliar condition like a meniscus injury.  

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Review Article

Home-Based modification approaches for children with autism (3-18 years)

golnaz ahmadi; Nazila Akbarfahimi; Navid Mirzakhani Araghi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 11 August 2024

Abstract

  Background: Considering the creation of a serene and tranquil home environment for both the child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and other family members, the aim of this study ...  Read More Background: Considering the creation of a serene and tranquil home environment for both the child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and other family members, the aim of this study was to explore the impact of personalized home modifications on children with ASD. Methods: Conducting a scoping review until June 2023, we systematically identified relevant literature on home-based modifications for children (3-18 years) with ASD using PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Our comprehensive search in databases (PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, Scopus), emphasizing interconnected concepts, yielded 6022 articles. After a meticulous selection process, we narrowed down to 23 pertinent articles, including reviews until June 2023, contributing a nuanced understanding to this field. Result: Home-based modifications, including behavioral, sensory, and technology interventions, are prevalent, enhancing the quality of life for ASD children and promoting independence. The study emphasizes the need for tailored living spaces and advocates further research on technology and architectural design in home settings, providing valuable insights for healthcare professionals and caregivers. Conclusion: Creating a safe home for children with ASD is essential. Modifications enhance their quality of life. Future research on architecture, interventions, and technology integration within home settings for children with ASD could be beneficial.      

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Original Articles

Effect of 8 Weeks of Modified Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Exercises on Core Region Function and Shoulder Pain in Patients with Incomplete Paraplegic Spinal Cord Injury

Eskandar moghanloo; Gholamali Ghasemi; Morteza Sadeghi; Navidreza Ghasemi Kahrizsangi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 27 August 2024

Abstract

  Background and purpose: Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes a decline in core region function and shoulder pain in wheelchair users. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of modified ...  Read More Background and purpose: Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes a decline in core region function and shoulder pain in wheelchair users. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of modified dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) exercises on core region function and shoulder pain in patients with incomplete paraplegic SCI.  Materials and Methods: Ten male SCI patients were purposefully selected based on inclusion criteria and participated in this experimental study. Before the exercise period, variables of core region function and shoulder pain were measured by modified plank test, an abdominal pressure cuff device, and the Wheelchair Users' Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI) questionnaire, respectively. Participants underwent an eight-week non-exercise period, followed by an intermediate test, and after that, they performed eight weeks of modified DNS exercises. Measurements were repeated at the end of the second eight-week period. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 26 and inferential statistics analysis of variance for repeated measures (P≤0.05).  Results and Conclusion: The results showed significant improvement in the core function, transverse abdominal muscle strength, and shoulder pain (WUSPI) after the exercise period compared to the non-exercise period (P≤0.05). Based on this study, this exercise method can be recommended as a complementary and low-cost method in the physical rehabilitation process of these patients.      

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Systematic Reviews

Caregiver burden in primary caregivers of community-dwelling older adults: Systematic review

Kiana Ramezani; marzieh Pashmdarfard; Mehdi Rezaee; Zeinab Bagheri; mino kalantari

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 28 August 2024

Abstract

  Background: Caregivers are those who are responsible for helping old, sick, or disabled people. Most care services are provided by family members as primary caregivers. Taking care ...  Read More Background: Caregivers are those who are responsible for helping old, sick, or disabled people. Most care services are provided by family members as primary caregivers. Taking care of the elderly requires a lot of expenses and physical and psychosocial pressure, which ultimately leads to a decrease in caregivers’ quality of life and care service quality. With the increasing proportion of people aged 60 and over and advances in medicine and technology to extend life, concerns about care for the elderly are increasing. Methods: The current systematic review study reviewed systematically the effects of intervention on burden on primary caregivers of community-dwelling older adults and identify influential factors in caregiving problems and challenges. In this study, 354 articles, published in peer-reviewed journals from 2000 to 2023, were extracted from different databases, including Embase, PubMed, and Scopus. The agreement rate in relation to the search of the articles that was done by the first and third author was 93%. In addition, the quality of these articles was assessed through PEDro scale, their abstract and full texts were thoroughly analyzed by the second and fourth author, and the agreement rate in this regard was 89% too. Results: In total, 13 articles included in the review based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the thirteen eligible articles reviewed in this study were of medium to high quality with a score of 5 or above on the PEDro scale. These articles centered on direct interventions for older adults (four articles), interventions for caregivers (five articles), and interventions for both (four articles which direct caregiver interventions are the most efficient approach on reducing caregiver burden among them. The results of these studies were analyzed with respect to variations in the burden, stress, and depression of caregivers. Conclusion: Based on the results, it is concluded that direct caregiver intervention is the most efficient approach on reducing caregiver burden. Furthermore, the design and evaluation of individualized programs can be highly effective in enhancing the impact of intervention and devising better subsequent programs.  

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Case Report

Early mobilization and functional training for early recovery after Stevens-Johnson Syndrome- A case report.

Naveen Kumar I

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 22 September 2024

Abstract

  Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) are severe dermatological disorders with limited prevalence, leading to insufficient awareness among physical therapists. ...  Read More Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) are severe dermatological disorders with limited prevalence, leading to insufficient awareness among physical therapists. This knowledge gap can result in suboptimal care and heightened complications due to immobility. This case report documents the physical therapy intervention for a 20-year-old female with SJS, admitted to an Indian rural tertiary hospital. Assessments at baseline, 7th, 20th days, and 1-month post-admission showcased substantial improvements, particularly after the 7th day. Progress was evident in critical parameters: ICU mobility scale, FSS ICU tool, Barthel Index, and joint range of motion. The report highlights the intricate relationship between disease severity, impairments, and functional limitations. It underscores the pivotal role of early mobilization rooted in functional tasks, expediting recovery, and curtailing musculoskeletal and pulmonary complications, thus reducing hospital stays. This study enhances the understanding of SJS management via physical therapy, emphasizing tailored protocols, early mobilization, and interdisciplinary collaboration to optimize outcomes and alleviate SJS-related morbidity.

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Original Articles

The Prevalence of Academic Procrastination among Students of School of Rehabilitation Sciences in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

Sara Abolahrari-Shirazi; Farzaneh Moslemi Haghighi; Farahnaz Emami

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 22 September 2024

Abstract

  Background:Academic procrastination is as an irrational tendency to defer at the beginning or completing an academic task and is reportedly associated with negative emotions, psychological ...  Read More Background:Academic procrastination is as an irrational tendency to defer at the beginning or completing an academic task and is reportedly associated with negative emotions, psychological distress, sense of failure, guilt, lower levels of self-regulated learning and self-efficacy and unsatisfactory academic performance. Academic procrastination is a common phenomenon among university students.  Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the prevalence of academic procrastination among students of School of Rehabilitation Sciences in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.  Methods:  All of university students (a total of 368), 230 (62.5%) female and 138 (37.5%) males participated voluntarily in the present cross-sectional descriptive study. The participants were undergraduate and postgraduate students from different grade levels enrolled in 5 departments. The mean age of students was 21.66 ± 2.27. To ascertain the prevalence of procrastination, we followed Solomon and Rothblum academic procrastination questionnaire. This questionnaire consists of 27 items which designate to measure three areas: Preparing for exams, preparing assignments and preparation of final paper. We used descriptive, Pearson correlation coefficient, one way ANOVA and independent t-test. P value less than 0.05 was regarded statistically significant. Results: Two hundred and ninety-seven students answered all questions about procrastination. Of the participants, 44.2% of students claimed to be moderate procrastinators and 54.5% stated they were severing procrastinators. It was shown that 40.9% of males had moderate and 57.3% of them had severe problems with academic procrastination. Moreover, 46% of females had moderate and 52.9% of them exhibited sever procrastinator behaviors. Furthermore, 42.5% of undergraduate students reported a tendency to moderate procrastination and 56% tendency to sever procrastinator behaviors. Moreover, %58.1 of postgraduate had moderate level and 41.9% faced with sever procrastination behaviors. In addition, the results revealed that academic procrastination prevail at all of components among students and was more prevalent in undergraduate students in preparing assignments (P<0.05).  Conclusion: Academic procrastination behaviors was equally prevalent among all educational levels, disciplines and sexes. Students experienced procrastination tendency in all components of academic procrastination. These data may aid institutions in order to developing better intervention techniques to decrease the impact of academic procrastination and increase academic attainments.  

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Original Articles

Impact of group reality therapy Glaser on self-esteem and depression of betrayed women: An experimental study with control group

Shiva Moradi; Hossein Komeili Sani; Bahman Dashtbozorgi; Saeed Ghanbari

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 22 September 2024

Abstract

  Background: Marital infidelity is one of the most challenging issues in married life, resulting in consequences such as depression and low self-esteem. This study aimed to investigate ...  Read More Background: Marital infidelity is one of the most challenging issues in married life, resulting in consequences such as depression and low self-esteem. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Glaser group reality therapy on self-esteem and depression in betrayed women. Methods: The present study was an experimental study with control group using a pre-test and post-test design. Thirty-six women referred to social welfare-supervised counseling centers were randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. The experimental group received ten 90-minute sessions of a reality therapy intervention. The data collection instruments were the Marital Adjustment Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem, and Beck Depression Questionnaires. The data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22 with a significance level of 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference between the demographic variables in the two groups. The mean scores of self-esteem (p=0.756) and depression  (P=0.875) also did not differ significantly in the two groups before the intervention. The mean scores for depression and self-esteem after group reality therapy training using the Glaser method in the intervention group showed a significant difference from the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Group reality therapy improves self-esteem and reduces depression in women affected by marital infidelity. Therefore, it is recommended that relevant authorities consider a program for couples during their married life.  

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Original Articles

Designing and studying the effectiveness of Nava game multimedia software in teaching the diagnosis of dysarthria symptoms in speech therapy students.

Parvaneh Rahimifar; Negin Moradi; Majid Soltani; Mohammad jafar Shaterzadeh Yazdi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 12 October 2024

Abstract

  Background: Different studies found the use of educational games effective in improving the quality of students' learning and benefiting from the materials in clinical environments ...  Read More Background: Different studies found the use of educational games effective in improving the quality of students' learning and benefiting from the materials in clinical environments So,in this study, we designed the Nava game multimedia software in teaching dysarthria diagnostic skills in speech therapy students and investigating the effectiveness of the software in speech therapy students. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study. After we designed and produced the content of Nava's educational game. This study was evaluated for 42 speech therapy students who were divided into two groups (the first group learned the topic of dysarthria by theoretical teaching and the second group learned it by theoretical teaching along with the use of Nava software).At the end, the level of students' knowledge was evaluated by the final exam score and the attitude level was checked using a researcher-made questionnaire. Results: Examining the mean and standard deviation scores of the students of the first group was 15.01±1.32 and the second group was 17.86±1.04 and the difference between the two groups was significant (p<0.001). The attitude level of the first group was29.61±14.72 and the second group was 43.14±16.50,which showed the significance difference between the two groups (p<0.001). Discussion: Nava is game software that can be installed on an Android phone, which led to an increase in learning, students' attitude towards learning, and the level of satisfaction of instructors and students in the diagnosis of dysarthria.    

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Original Articles

Validation of the Persian Version of the Life Balance Inventory in Iranian Population

naser havaei; Babak kashefimehr; ahmad mohammadi; Mina Ahmadi Kahjoogh

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 12 October 2024

Abstract

  Background: Life balance is defined as having a satisfying pattern of activities or occupations that is sustainable and meaningful to a person within his/her current context and life ...  Read More Background: Life balance is defined as having a satisfying pattern of activities or occupations that is sustainable and meaningful to a person within his/her current context and life conditions, and could be considered as an important outcome in medical-rehabilitation services. The Life Balance Inventory (LBI) is a self-reported and comprehensive measure developed to evaluate life balance. The aim of this study was to translate and validate the LBI with the Iranian population.Methods: A methodological and cross-sectional study with a sample population consisted of 150 healthy and 93 mentally ill people were studied. The validation processes, including content validity, discriminant validity (construct validity), test-retest reliability, and internal consistency of the LBI, were conducted.Results: Persian translation of LBI has an acceptable content validity. Discriminant validity showed difference between the life balance of healthy people and people with mental disorders. The test-retest reliability was 0.7 to 0.93 over a 2-week period. The internal consistency was good (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.88).Conclusion: The LBI has acceptable statistical values for use in Iranians. This questionnaire can also discriminate between people with and without mental disorders. The Persian version of the LBI can be used in different specialties and settings. 

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Meta-Analyses

The effects of combined training on functionality, balance and gait speed of the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis

mahboobeh dehnavi; Amirali Jafarnejadgero; Farhad Tabatabai Ghomsheh; Ali Fattahi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 23 October 2024

Abstract

  Background: Ensuring the safety of the elderly is an increasingly important concern today. Fall prevention guidelines recommend highly challenging training modes to decrease falls. ...  Read More Background: Ensuring the safety of the elderly is an increasingly important concern today. Fall prevention guidelines recommend highly challenging training modes to decrease falls. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review is to examine the effects of combined training (CT) on functionality, balance and gait speed of the elderly. Methods: Primary sources were obtained from 4 databases including PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science. The search period covered years from inception to June 2th, 2024. Standardized mean differences (SMDs), weighted mean differences, and 95% CIs were calculated using random or fixed-effect models for outcomes. Results: Following the screening process, 12 studies involving a total of 570 participants were included in the systematic review. The results of the meta-analysis showed that CT increased functionality (0.64 [95% CI: 0.34-0.93], p=0.003), balance (0.65 [95% CI: 0.39-0.90], p=0.001), and gait speed (1.18 [95% CI: 0.76-1.59], p=0.001). Additionally, the results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that there was significant difference between CT and traditional training (TT) on functionality (0.50 [95% CI: 0.28-0.73), p=0.001), in favors of CT. Conclusion: The results meta-analysis demonstrated that CT has a positive effect on the functionality, balance, and gait speed of the elderly. Also, comparing CT with TT, significant difference was observed between these two types of training. CT had more effect on functionality of the elderly than TT. Therefore, CT is a viable method to increase the functionality, balance, and gait speed of the elderly.  

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Original Articles

Evaluating dynamic stability, spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters of gait during walking in day and night shift nurses

Mohammad Taghi Karimi; Farzaneh Yazdani; Mahbobeh Razavi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 23 October 2024

Abstract

  Background: Despite the importance of investigating the effect of night shift on gait kinematics of nurses, literature lacks evidences to evaluate this relationship. Therefore, the ...  Read More Background: Despite the importance of investigating the effect of night shift on gait kinematics of nurses, literature lacks evidences to evaluate this relationship. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to compare gait kinematics among day and night shift nurses. Methods: Participants (N = 31) of this cross-sectional study were female nurses aged 27-47 years old working at night (N=16) and day shifts (N=15). A Qualisys motion analysis system with 8 high-speed cameras was utilized to record the motion of the body segments during walking. The spatiotemporal characteristics of gait (stride length, walking velocity, and cadence), kinematics of the ankle, knee, hip, pelvic, and trunk, were the parameters selected for statistical analysis. Dynamic stability while walking was assessed by simple measurement of center of mass movements (COM). Results: The difference between the mean values of spatiotemporal gait parameters of the nurses worked in day and night shifts was not meaningful. Moreover, the difference between mean values of range of motions of the lower extremity joints and pelvic and trunk segments during the stance phase of the gait were not significant between both groups. As a measure of dynamic stability, COM movement in mediolateral direction was significantly different between both groups. Conclusion: No difference was found between spatiotemporal gait parameters, dynamic stability in vertical direction, and joints range of motion (ROM) of the nurses working during day and night. Therefore, the results of the present study suggested that working in the night shift does not change the biomechanical gait patterns of nurses.    

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