Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences & Research

The Impact of Body Types and Digital Device Usage on Spinal Posture in Female Middle School Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Mohammad seyedahmadi; Karim Khalaghi; Fatemeh Jeddi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 28 April 2025

Abstract

Objective: This study investigated the relationship between ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph body types and the duration of digital device use on spinal angle changes among female ... Read More

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Effect of Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique and Posture Correction in the Management of Mechanical Neck Pain

Alka Pawalia; Varsha Sharma; Shabnam Joshi; Vikram Singh Yadav

Volume 12, Issue 3 , September 2025, , Pages 17-24

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique (INIT)—a manual therapy approach combining Muscle Energy Techniques ... Read More

Comparison of Postural and Functional Indicators in Adolescent Boys with and Without Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain

moein yari bishak; Ebrahim mohammad ali nasab firouzjah; Mehri Mohammadi Dangraloo

Volume 12, Issue 2 , June 2025, , Pages 81-89

Abstract

Background: Back pain is one of the most common disorders, caused by various factors and leading to diverse consequences. This study aimed to compare specific postural and functional ... Read More

The Relationship between the Upper Extremity Volume and Disability,Thoracic Kyphosis, Shoulder Protraction, and Forward Head Posture in Patients with Upper Extremity Lymphedema Following Total Mastectomy

Sara Abolahrari-Shirazi; Narges Meftahi; Zeinab Zakeri; Donya Jaberolansar; Maryam Taherpour

Volume 10, Issue 1 , March 2023, , Pages 49-54

Abstract

Background: Upper extremity (UE) lymphedema, which negatively affects patients’ personal and social well-being, is the most common complication after breast cancer treatment. ... Read More Background: Upper extremity (UE) lymphedema, which negatively affects patients’ personal and social well-being, is the most common complication after breast cancer treatment. Previous studies have demonstrated the adverse effectsof surgical interventions for breast cancer on spinal postures and UE disability;however, no studies have examined the relationships between UE volume and postural changes and between UE volume and UE disability in patients withlymphedema. Furthermore, some spinal postural changes in patients with forward head posture (FHP) remain unassessed in these patients. Therefore, the present study investigated the relationship between the volume of the affected UE with FHP, kyphosis, shoulder protraction, and UE disability in lymphedema patients.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was carried out on 32 women with unilateral UE lymphedema. UE volume and kyphosis were measured by volumetry and a flexible ruler, respectively. Cervical angle was used to assess FHP. To measure shoulder protraction and FHP, data obtained from markers and photography was analyzed in ImageJ software. The disability of the affected UE was assessed by the Persian version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Pearson’s correlation test.Results: Significant positive correlations were observed between UE volume and UE disability as well as kyphosis. Significant negative correlations between UE volume and shoulder as well as cervical angle were also seen. UE disabilityhad a significant negative correlation with shoulder angle but no significant relationship with kyphosis or cervical angle.Conclusion: An increase in the affected UE volume due to lymphedema is related to an increase in UE disability, kyphosis angle, FHP, and shoulder protraction. In addition to treatments for UE volume reduction in lymphedema patients,accurate posture evaluation is also recommended.

Are Tension-type Headaches Associated with Flexible Flat Feet?A Cross-sectional Study

Negar Azhdari; Ali Ghanbari; Marzieh Mohamadi

Volume 10, Issue 1 , March 2023, , Pages 55-60

Abstract

Background: Several peripheral and central factors are believed to contribute to the pathology of tension type headache (TTH). The current study aimed to identify a connection between ... Read More

Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders risk factors and ergonomic assessment of posture among senior students of Rehabilitation School of Shiraz University: a cross-sectional study

Mostafa Mehraban Jahromi; Sara Abolahrari-Shirazi; Sahar Safari; Farzaneh Moslemi Haghighi

Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2022, , Pages 180-184

Abstract

Objective: The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and evaluate the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in senior students ... Read More

Effect of Thoracic Hyper-Kyphosis Posture on Upper Extremity Function of Female Students

Mohammad Karimizadeh Ardakani; Zahra Soroush Fard; Fatemeh Amirizadeh; Homa Naderifar

Volume 9, Issue 1 , March 2022, , Pages 30-35

Abstract

Background: Thoracic hyper-kyphosis is one of the most common posturaldisorders of the spinal column. Decreased strength of spinal extensor musclesand range of motion of joints such ... Read More

The Comparison of Lower Extremity Malalignment during Hurdle pre-Flight and Traditional Approach at Forward Diving Straight

Mohammad Ali Seyed Hoseini; Amir Hossein Barati; Elham Shirzad Araghi; Mahdieh Akoochakian; homa naderifar

Volume 8, Issue 3 , September 2021, , Pages 132-138

Abstract

Background: Approach on the diving springboard provides the initial conditionsfor the disturbance in the stability of the base of support. The present study is acorrelational study ... Read More

Comparing the effect of functional corrective exercises versus core stability exercises and a combined program on forward head posture and kyphosis in female adolescence

zeinab esmaeili; Narmin Ghani Zadeh Hesar; Ebrahim Mohammad ali nasab firouzjah; Sajad Roshani

Volume 8, Issue 2 , June 2021, , Pages 62-68

Abstract

Background: Forward head posture (FHP) and kyphosis are the most common postural deviations which various factors are involved in the occurrence of these abnormalities. This study aimed ... Read More Background: Forward head posture (FHP) and kyphosis are the most common postural deviations which various factors are involved in the occurrence of these abnormalities. This study aimed to compare the effect of functional corrective exercises (FCE) and core stability exercises (CSE) on forward head posture and kyphosis in adolescent girls. Methods: The present study is quasi-experiment research and included a pre- and post-test design. 52 students aged 14-16 years old with forward head posture >46 degrees and kyphosis >40 degrees were randomly assigned into four groups, each one consisting of 13 students. Research tools for kyphosis as well as forward head posture assessment included flexible ruler and goniometer, respectively. The experimental groups participated in training programs for 6 weeks, three times per week and for 60-minutes per session, while the control group continued their daily routine activities. The data analysis was carried out using covariance (ANCOVA) analysis via SPSS, version 21. Results: The outcomes showed that there were significant differences among groups, including core stability exercises (CSE) and combined exercises (FCE+CSE) (p= 0.020), core stability exercises (CSE) and Control (p= 0.008), functional corrective exercises (FCE)and Control (p= 0.001), combined exercises (FCE+CSE) and Control (p= 0.001) with respect to kyphosis. For the Forward head posture (FHP) variable, there were significant differences between pre- and post-tests of core stability exercises (CSE) and Control (p= 0.001), functional corrective exercises (FCE)and combined exercises (FCE+CSE) (p= 0.019), functional corrective exercises (FCE)and Control (p= 0.001) as well as combined exercises (FCE+CSE) and Control (p= 0.001) groups. There was no significant difference between pre- and post-test measures of control group. Conclusion: According to this study's results, although all types of training programs had a significant effect on postural correction, but a combined exercises (FCE+CSE) significantly improved forward head posture and kyphosis combined to each training program. Therefore, it is recommended that healthcare professionals and corrective exercise specialists to implement a combined program to have a better result in terms of kyphosis and forward head posture correction

Comparison of Head, Neck, and Upper Trunk Postures between Patients Who Have Undergone Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Healthy Subjects: A pilot study

Sara Abolahrari; zahra Rojhani-Shirazi; Ali Rezayi; Mohammad Ranjbar; Farahnaz Emami

Volume 7, Issue 4 , December 2020, , Pages 167-172

Abstract

Background: Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting is an effective treatment for reducing symptoms and mortality in coronary artery patients.Although patients experience post sternotomy complications ... Read More Background: Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting is an effective treatment for reducing symptoms and mortality in coronary artery patients.Although patients experience post sternotomy complications such as musculoskeletal disorders. So, the aim of this study was to compare the head, neck and upper trunk postures between patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and healthy individuals. Methods: In this cross-sectional case-control study, twenty-one men (56.38 ± 8.64 years) were randomly selected from among patients who had been referred to Al-Zahra Cardiac Rehabilitation Center in Shiraz and undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and the angles of forward head, thoracic kyphosis, and rounded shoulder were measured. Twenty healthy men (51.70 ± 10.40 years) were also evaluated and compared in terms of the above variables. This study was designed and conducted as a pilot. The angles of the forward head and rounded shoulder were assessed by placing reflective markers on the body and processing the images by Digimizer MedCalc software, version 4.6.1. Thoracic kyphosis angle was measured by a flexible ruler. The Persian version of the SF36 questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to verify the normal distribution of data. Independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used for between-group comparison for data with normal and non-normal distribution, respectively. Results: The comparison of the forward head, rounded shoulder, and thoracic kyphosis angles showed no significant difference between post-surgical and healthy subjects (P> 0.05). Patients' quality of life was significantly different from that of the control group in all aspects, except for general and mental-emotional health (p <0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the case and control groups in the angles of forward head, thoracic kyphosis, and rounded shoulder. Patients who underwent CABG, however, experienced a significant reduction in their quality of life compared to the control group. Therefore, it seems necessary to pay attention to patients and find solutions to manage and improve various aspects of life, such as physical and mental health.

Comparison of the Average Forward Head Angle of Male and Female Students in Three Educational Levels

Reza Rajabi; mohammad karimizadeh ardakani; Hooman Minoonejad; Ehsan Abshenas; Mohsen Naderi Beni

Volume 7, Issue 4 , December 2020, , Pages 184-188

Abstract

Background: Forward head posture is a major postural deformity in the head and neck area. Considering the importance and secondary consequences of this deformity, current study aims ... Read More Background: Forward head posture is a major postural deformity in the head and neck area. Considering the importance and secondary consequences of this deformity, current study aims at investigating this deformity among boys and girls of different educational levels of Tehran universities. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive and field study (causal-comparative). A total of 1017 students, 511 girls (age: 23.74±3.91, height: 162.42±7.14, weight: 57.33±8.87) and 506 boys (age: 23.82±3.57, height: 174.70±7.97, weight: 69.19±12.18) were selected. Their forward head angle was measured 3 times by a specific goniometer and the subjects' final angle was considered as the average of three measurements. Data were analyzed using SPSS V.22 software and the two-way ANOVA, Tukey and one-way ANOVA tests. Results: The results of one-way ANOVA analysis showed a significant difference in the head angle of the students at different educational levels (p <0.05). The results of Tukey post-hoc test showed a significant difference between post-graduate and undergraduate female students and doctoral female students (p <0.05). Also, there was a significant difference only between male undergraduate students and male doctoral students (p <0.05). The results of two-way ANOVA showed that gender and educational level factors had a significant effect on head angle (p <0.05), but neither factor had an interaction effect on head angle (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, educational level and gender were the major factors in the development of forward head posture, so considering these two variables could be effective in prevention, control, and correction of related deformities. Background: Forward head posture is a major postural deformity in the head and neck area. Considering the importance and secondary consequences of this deformity, current study aims at investigating this deformity among boys and girls of different educational levels of Tehran universities.

Intra-rater and Inter-rater Reliability and Agreement of the Scapular Dyskinesis test in Young Men with Forward Head and Round Shoulder Posture

Mohammad Bayattork; Foad Seidi; Hooman Minoonejad; Philip McClure; Esmaeil Mozafaripoor

Volume 6, Issue 4 , December 2019, , Pages 169-173

Abstract

Background: Forward head and round shoulder posture (FHRSP) is believed to be related to scapular dyskinesis (SD), placing increased stress on the neck and shoulder, leading to pain ... Read More

Psychometric Evaluation of the Short Form of Situational Influences Scale for Stretching Exercise among Office Employees Based on the Health Promotion Model

Mohammad Hossien Delshad; Sedigheh Sadat Tavafian; Anoshirvan Kazemnejad

Volume 6, Issue 4 , December 2019, , Pages 188-192

Abstract

Background:Situational influences can facilitate or impede stretching exercise behaviours. However, since there is no measurement to assess situational influences among office employees, ... Read More

Volume 12 (2025)

Volume 11 (2024)

Volume 10 (2023)

Volume 9 (2022)

Volume 8 (2021)

Volume 7 (2020)

Volume 6 (2019)

Volume 5 (2018)

Volume 4 (2017)

Volume 3 (2016)

Volume 2 (2015)

Volume 1 (2014)

Keywords = Posture

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