Document Type : Literature Reviews

Authors

1 Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Yaman st, Shahid Chamran Highway, Tehran, Iran‎.

2 Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Computer Science, Islamic Azad University Kermanshah Branch, Kermanshah, Iran

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 seems to have a major impact on physical activity behaviors, especially for people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) who have health
conditions. Methods: This study was a narrative review. Six databases, namely PubMed, ISI
Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and ProQuest, were
search for relevant published studies.
Results: Healthcare providers and organizations advise people to stay at home,but this does not mean that they should be inactive. Self-isolation has an adverse
effect on behavior activities and mental health in people with MS. Physical activity can act as medicine for people with MS, as it helps reduce stress, anxiety,
and fatigue while improving balance, muscle strength, flexibility, and quality of life.
Conclusion: People with MS are recommended to perform activities such as whole-body chair exercises with moderate intensity at least 150 minutes per
week according to the level of the individual’s ability.

Keywords

1. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public.
2. Dalgas U, Langeskov-Christensen M, Stenager E, Riemenschneider M, Hvid LG. Exercise as Medicine in Multiple Sclerosis—Time for a Paradigm Shift: Preventive, Symptomatic, and Disease-Modifying Aspects and Perspectives. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2019;19(11):88.
3. Ghasemi N, Razavi S, Nikzad E. Multiple sclerosis: pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnoses and cell-based therapy. Cell Journal (Yakhteh). 2017;19(1):1.
4. Ligouri M, Marrosu MG, Pugliatti M, Giuliani F, De Robertis F, Cocco E, et al. Age at onset in multiple sclerosis. Neurol Sci. 2000;21(2):S825-S9.
5. Kinnett-Hopkins D, Adamson B, Rougeau K, Motl R. People with MS are less physically active than healthy controls but as active as those with other chronic diseases: an updated meta-analysis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2017;13:38-43.
6. Multiple Sclerosis Trust. Coronavirus, Covid-19 and multiple sclerosis 2020 [Available from: https://www.mstrust.org.uk/a-z/coronavirus-covid-19-and-multiple-sclerosis#whats-the-risk-of-catching-covid-19.
7.Cattaneo D, Lamers I, Bertoni R, Feys P, Jonsdottir J. Participation restriction in people with multiple sclerosis: prevalence and correlations with cognitive, walking, balance, and upper limb impairments. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2017;98(7):1308-15.
8.Duan L, Zhu G. Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(4):300-2.
10.Obasi CN, Brown R, Ewers T, Barlow S, Gassman M, Zgierska A, et al. Advantage of meditation over exercise in reducing cold and flu illness is related to improved function and quality of life. Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 2013;7(6):938-44.
11.Nieman DC, Henson DA, Austin MD, Sha W. Upper respiratory tract infection is reduced in physically fit and active adults. Br J Sports Med. 2011;45(12):987-92.
12. Peake J. Interrelations between acute and chronic exercise stress and the immune and endocrine systems.  Endocrinology of physical activity and sport: Springer; 2020. p. 249-66.
13.Spence L, Brown WJ, Pyne DB, Nissen MD, Sloots TP, McCormack JG, et al. Incidence, etiology, and symptomatology of upper respiratory illness in elite athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(4):577-86.
14.Nieman DC. Exercise, infection, and immunity. Int J Sports Med. 1994;15(3):S131.
15.White LJ, Castellano V, Mc Coy SC. Cytokine responses to resistance training in people with multiple sclerosis. J Sports Sci. 2006;24(8):911-4.
16. Golzari Z, Shabkhiz F, Soudi S, Kordi MR, Hashemi SM. Combined exercise training reduces IFN-γ and IL-17 levels in the plasma and the supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in women with multiple sclerosis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2010;10(11):1415-9.
17.Kim Y, Lai B, Mehta T, Thirumalai M, Padalabalanarayanan S, Rimmer JH, et al. Exercise training guidelines for multiple sclerosis, stroke, and Parkinson disease: rapid review and synthesis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2019;98(7):613-21.
18.Cramer H, Lauche R, Azizi H, Dobos G, Langhorst J. Yoga for multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9(11):e112414.
19. Marques KAP, Trindade CBB, Almeida MCV, Bento-Torres NVO. Pilates for rehabilitation in patients with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review of effects on cognition, health-related physical fitness, general symptoms and quality of life. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2020.
20.Kjølhede T, Siemonsen S, Wenzel D, Stellmann J-P, Ringgaard S, Pedersen BG, et al. Can resistance training impact MRI outcomes in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis? Mult Scler. 2018;24(10):1356-65.
21.Pilutti LA, Platta ME, Motl RW, Latimer-Cheung AE. The safety of exercise training in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. J Neurol Sci. 2014;343(1-2):3-7.
22. Dalgas U, Stenager E. Exercise and disease progression in multiple sclerosis: can exercise slow down the progression of multiple sclerosis? Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2012;5(2):81-95.
23. Tallner A, Waschbisch A, Hentschke C, Pfeifer K, Mäurer M. Mental health in multiple sclerosis patients without limitation of physical function: the role of physical activity. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(7):14901-11.
24.  Sosnoff JJ, Finlayson M, McAuley E, Morrison S, Motl RW. Home-based exercise program and fall-risk reduction in older adults with multiple sclerosis: phase 1 randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2014;28(3):254-63.
25.White L, McCoy S, Castellano V, Gutierrez G, Stevens J, Walter G, et al. Resistance training improves strength and functional capacity in persons with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2004;10(6):668-74.
26. Taylor N, Dodd K, Prasad D, Denisenko S. Progressive resistance exercise for people with multiple sclerosis. Disabil Rehabil. 2006;28(18):1119-26.
27. DeBolt LS, McCubbin JA. The effects of home-based resistance exercise on balance, power, and mobility in adults with multiple sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85(2):290-7.
28. Schwid SR, Thornton CA, Pandya S, Manzur KL, Sanjak M, Petrie MD, et al. Quantitative assessment of motor fatigue and strength in MS. Neurology. 1999;53(4):743-.
29. Sutherland G, Andersen MB, Stoové MA. Can aerobic exercise training affect health-related quality of life for people with multiple sclerosis? J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2001;23(2):122-35.
30. Schulz K-H, Gold SM, Witte J, Bartsch K, Lang UE, Hellweg R, et al. Impact of aerobic training on immune-endocrine parameters, neurotrophic factors, quality of life and coordinative function in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci. 2004;225(1-2):11-8.
31. Rampello A, Franceschini M, Piepoli M, Antenucci R, Lenti G, Olivieri D, et al. Effect of aerobic training on walking capacity and maximal exercise tolerance in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized crossover controlled study. pt. 2007;87(5):545-55.
32. Newman M, Dawes H, van den Berg M, Wade D, Burridge J, Izadi H. Can aerobic treadmill training reduce the effort of walking and fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. Mult Scler. 2007;13(1):113-9.
33. Kileff J, Ashburn A. A pilot study of the effect of aerobic exercise on people with moderate disability multiple sclerosis. Clin Rehabil. 2005;19(2):165-9.
34.Hassanpour-Dehkordi A, Jivad N. Comparison of regular aerobic and yoga on the quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis. MJIRI. 2014;28:141.
35.Peruzzi A, Zarbo IR, Cereatti A, Della Croce U, Mirelman A. An innovative training program based on virtual reality and treadmill: effects on gait of persons with multiple sclerosis. Disabil Rehabil. 2017;39(15):1557-63.
36. Arntzen EC, Straume B, Odeh F, Feys P, Normann B. Group‐based, individualized, comprehensive core stability and balance intervention provides immediate and long‐term improvements in walking in individuals with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial. Physiother Res Int. 2020;25(1):e1798.
37. Hasanpour-Dehkordi A, Jivad N, Solati K. Effects of yoga on physiological indices, anxiety and social functioning in multiple sclerosis patients: A randomized trial. J clin diagn: JCDR. 2016;10(6):VC01.
38. Kalb R, Brown TR, Coote S, Costello K, Dalgas U, Garmon E, et al. Exercise and lifestyle physical activity recommendations for people with multiple sclerosis throughout the disease course. Mult Scler. 2020:1352458520915629.
39. Fleming KM, Coote SB, Herring MP. An eight-week randomised controlled trial of home-based pilates for symptoms of anxiety, depression, and fatigue among people with MS with minimal-to-mild mobility disability: Study protocol. Ment Health Phys Act. 2020:100341.
40. Fleming KM, Herring MP. The effects of pilates on mental health outcomes: A meta-analysis of controlled trials. Complement Ther Med. 2018;37:80-95.