Document Type : Original Articles
Authors
1 Corrective Exercises and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Master of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education, Hakim Nezami Higher Education Institute, Quchan, Iran
3 corrective exercise and sport injury, Alborz campus, university of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) training on movement patterns and postural control in female athletes with lower cross syndrome (LCS).
Method: This research employed a quasi-experimental, pre-and post-test design. Thirty healthy female athletes with an average age of 24.98 ± 2.26 years and diagnosed with LCS were randomly divided into an experimental group (15 subjects) and a control group (15 subjects). Participants in the experimental group completed the DNS training protocol, which consisted of three sessions per week for eight weeks. Postural control and functional movements were assessed using the Y-balance test and Functional Movement Screening (FMS) before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis included paired t-tests, ANCOVA, and the Wilcoxon test.
Results: ANCOVA revealed a significant difference in the Y-balance test and FMS scores between the experimental and control groups for participants with LCS. Within-group analysis indicated that the post-test mean scores of the experimental group were significantly improved compared to pre-test scores following DNS training (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results indicate that eight weeks of DNS training significantly improved functional movement screening and Y-balance test scores in female athletes with LCS. Therefore, DNS exercises may be recommended to athletes to enhance balance and lower limb performance.
Keywords
- Peggy, A.H., Therapeutic Exercise for Atheletic Injuries. Human Kinetics Inc. 2003, USA.
- Nadler, S.F., et al., Hip muscle imbalance and low back pain in athletes: influence of core strengthening.
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2002. 34(1): p. 9-16.
- Moore, M.K., Upper crossed syndrome and its relationship to cervicogenic headache. Journal of manipulative
and physiological therapeutics, 2004. 27(6): p. 414-420.
- Frank, C., P. Page, and R. Lardner, Assessment and treatment of muscle imbalance: the Janda approach. 2009:
Human kinetics.
- Morningstar, M.W., Cervical hyperlordosis, forward head posture, and lumbar kyphosis correction: A novel
treatment for mid-thoracic pain. Journal of chiropractic medicine, 2003. 2(3): p. 111-115.
- Guskiewicz, K.M. and D.H. Perrin, Research and clinical applications of assessing balance. Journal of Sport
Rehabilitation, 1996. 5(1): p. 45-63.
- Kobesova, A., Postural-Locomotion Function in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Movement Disorders.
Summary for the lecture. Assoc. Prof. Pavel Kolar, Paed Dr., Ph. D. Alena Kobesova, MD, Ph. D.
- Lim, Y.L., M. Lepsikova, and D.K.A. Singh. Effects of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization on lumbar
flexion kinematics and posture among adults with chronic non-specific low back pain: a study protocol. in
Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2016). 2018. Springer.
- Cook, G., et al., Functional movement screening: the use of fundamental movements as an assessment of
function-part 2. International journal of sports physical therapy, 2014. 9(4).
- Cook, G., Functional movement systems: Screening, assessment, corrective strategies. 2010: On Target
Publications.
- Lockie, R.G., et al., A preliminary investigation into the relationship between functional movement screen
scores and athletic physical performance in female team sport athletes. Biology of sport, 2015. 32(1): p. 41.
- Letafatkar, K., M. Alizadeh, and M. Kordi, The effect of exhausting exercise induced fatigue on the double-
leg balance of elite male athletes. Journal of Social Sciences, 2009. 5(4): p. 445-451.
- Gaerlan, M.G., The role of visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems in postural balance. 2010.
- oudas, J.W., J.H. Hollman, and D.A. Krause, The effects of gender, age, and body mass index on standing
lumbar curvature in persons without current low back pain. Physiotherapy theory and practice, 2006. 22(5): p.
229-237.
- Herrington, L., Assessment of the degree of pelvic tilt within a normal asymptomatic population. Manual
therapy, 2011. 16(6): p. 646-648
- Rajabi, R. and S. Latifi, Normality of curvature of the back (kyphosis) and lumbar spine (Lordosis) of
Iranian men and women. Research in Sport Sciences, 2010. 7: p. 13-30.
- Koohkan, S., et al., Studying the changes of the lumbar and thoracic curvatures and pelvic tilt inclinations
during pregnancy in primigravida women. Rehabilitation Medicine, 2015. 3(4).
- Gonell, A.C., J.A.P. Romero, and L.M. Soler, Relationship between the Y balance test scores and soft tissue
injury incidence in a soccer team. International journal of sports physical therapy, 2015. 10(7): p. 955.
- Brown, P., Movement: Functional Movement Systems–Screening, Assessing, Corrective Strategies On
Target Publications. The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association, 2012. 56(4): p. 316.
- Arazzadeh H, Norasteh AA, Eidi Dahneh A. The Effect of 8 Weeks of Balance Training on Upper Extremity
Function and Functional Movement Screening Test Scores of Adolescent Volleyball Players. Journal of
Exercise Science and Medicine. 2019; 10(2):231-46.
- Abdolrasoul Daneshjoo, Atena Eslami, Sayed Kazem Mousavi Sadati. Effect of core stability training on the
balance and FMS scores of adolescent soccer players. J Rehab Med. 2020; 9(2):61-70.
- Kiani Shikhabadi, A., R. Mahdavinejad, and N. Rahnma, Effect of 8 Weeks 11+ Training on Functional
Movement Screening (FMS) Tests in Footsal's Players Women. Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 2020. 6(1).
- Soltandoost, S.M., M.H. Alizadeh, and A. Shamsoddini, Effects of Functional Movement Training Program
on Functional Movement Screening Scores and Selected Physical Fitness Factors in Active Injury-Prone
Military Men. Journal Mil Med, 2020. 22(4): p. 174-182.
- Mahdieh, L., V. Zolaktaf, and M.T. Karimi, Effects of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) training
on functional movements. Human Movement Science, 2020. 70: p. 102568.
- Benfiry, N., B. Ganji, and S.S. Beigi, The Effect of 8 Weeks of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stability (DNS)
Exercises on the Performance and Quality of Men and Women's Life with Apoplexy (Stroke). Egyptian
Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, E. Medical Entomology & Parasitology, 2018. 10(1): p. 83-93.
- Bae, W.-s., K.-C. Lee, and D.-Y. Lee, The Effects of Dynamic Neuromuscular stabilization Exercise on
Forward Head Posture and spine Posture. Medico Legal Update, 2019. 19(2): p. 670-675.
- Bt JP, S.J., Brick MJ, Jolly JT, Lephart SM, Fu FH., Relationship between cycling mechanics and core
stability. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research in Sport Sciences, 2007. ;21(4):1300-4.
- Rackwitz B, d.B.R., Limm H, von Garnier K, Ewert T, Stucki G., Segmental stabilizing exercises and low
back pain. What is the evidence? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Clinical rehabilitation.
- ;20(7):553-67.
- Mahmoudkhani, M.R., et al., Effect of an 8-week specific functional training on injury risk factors and
athletic performance in male judokas. Scientific Journals Management System, 2019. 16(16): p. 79-92.
- Naderi, A., et al., Comparison between the effects of core stability exercises and neuromuscular exercises on
dynamic balance and lower limb function of athletes with functional ankle instability. Scientific Journal of
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, 2016. 21(4).
- Borao, O., et al., Effects of a 6-week neuromuscular ankle training program on the Star Excursion Balance
Test for basketball players. Apunts. Medicina de l'Esport, 2015. 50(187): p. 95-102.
- Son, M.S., et al., Effects of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization on diaphragm movement, postural control,
balance and gait performance in cerebral palsy. NeuroRehabilitation, 2017. 41(4): p. 739-746.
- Zamani, S.B.G.a.S.S.B., The effect of eight weeks of DNS training on the balance of women with multiple
sclerosis, the first national conference on the development of sports science in the field of health, prevention and
championship, Qazvin, Imam Khomeini International University. 2016.
- Mohammadi, F., Assessment of CNS function on postural control with and without Somatosensory and
Vestibular perturbation in goalball players in comparison with nonathlete blind and sighted subjects. 2008,
[MSc. Thesis]. Tehran: University of Tehran.
- Myer, G.D., et al., Neuromuscular training improves performance and lower-extremity biomechanics in
female athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2005. 19(1): p. 51-60.
- Hertel J, B.R., Hale SA, Olmsted- Kramer LC., Simplifying the star excursion balance test: analyses of
subjects with and without chronic ankle instability. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy.
2006;36(3):131-7.
- Kibler WB, P.J., Sciascia A. , The role of core stability in athletic function. Sports medicine. 2006 Mar
1;36(3):189-98.
- Wikstrom EA, P.M., Tillman MD. , Dynamic stabilization time after isokinetic and functional fatigue.
Journal of Athletic Training., 2004 Jul;39(3):247.
- Necking LE, L.G., Friden J. Hand muscle weakness in long-term vibration exposure. Journal of Hand
Surgery. , 2002. Dec;27(6):520-5.
)