Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences & Research

Background: Scoliosis is defined as a three-dimensional deformity of the spine associated with lateral deviation from the normal vertical direction, and mostly with rotation of the ... Read More Background: Scoliosis is defined as a three-dimensional deformity of the spine associated with lateral deviation from the normal vertical direction, and mostly with rotation of the vertebras. Although some studies have been performed on the effect of scoliosis on the respiratory system, there are still some ambiguities at issue and some results are contradictory. The aim of the present systematic review study was to help clarify the effect of scoliosis on the respiratory system and the factors affecting respiration. Methods: An electronic search was done in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Ebsco, and Science Direct. The quality of papers was assessed using Black and Down instrument. The following keywords were used in search engines; adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, respiratory function, respiratory problem, respiratory system, ventilatory function, ventilatory problem, ventilatory system, chest wall motion, respiratory muscle, and exercise capacity. Papers in English language, subjects being over the age of 10 and suffering from adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, and no other abnormalities were among the inclusion criteria, while suffering any underlying disease was an exclusion criterion. Results: Based on the keywords used, 76 papers were found; based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 7 papers were approved. Five papers had dealt with pulmonary and respiratory factors, two investigating respiratory muscles, 2 examined exercise capacity, and 2 tested the chest wall motions. The score of reporting, external validity, internal validity bias, internal validity - confounding (selection bias), and power varied within 5-7, 0-2, 2-4, 0-3, and 2-5, respectively. Conclusion: Based on studies carried out so far, scoliosis affects respiratory function including respiratory volumes, chest wall motions, strength of respiratory muscles, respiratory patterns, and respiratory function during exercise. Although some studies show contradictory results, relying on the results of the majority of studies, it can be stated that these effects had been mentioned as negative effects on the mentioned factors. The reasons stated for the results include mechanical insufficiency and muscular disorders, which arise from developmental and systemic disorders associated with scoliosis itself. The relationships between respiratory volumes, strength of respiratory muscles, and chest wall motions are still unclear. Since only limited studies have been performed in this regard, these results still warrant further investigation.

Original Articles

The Validity and Reliability of a low-cost handheld 3D Scanner for Use in Orthotics and Prosthetics

Davood Farahmandi Najafabadi; Mohammad Reza Rezaie; Saeed Forghany

Volume 7, Issue 1 , March 2020, Pages 8-14

Abstract

Background: 3D scanners are used to obtain three-dimensional (3D) shapes of body parts, offering an alternative to conventional techniques such as casting and a variety of potential ... Read More Background: 3D scanners are used to obtain three-dimensional (3D) shapes of body parts, offering an alternative to conventional techniques such as casting and a variety of potential advantages. However, 3D scanners are usually very expensive and not affordable and accessible for most orthotists and prosthetists, especially in developing countries. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of a low-cost handheld and affordable 3D scanner (3Dsystems, ‘sense’) for use in orthotics and prosthetics. Methods: The validity and reliability of the 3D Sense scanner were assessed through repeated scanning and measurement of the predefined circumferences of the stumps of four transtibial amputees and 8 body cast models. Two assessors performed digital scanning and tape measurement on two different days, each consisting of three trials per condition/day. The reliability of the 3D sense scanner was assessed by investigating between trials, the assessors, and day reliability using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients. The standard error of measurement (SEM) was also calculated to assess measurement error. The validity of the 3D sense scanner was assessed using correlation analysis, mean percentage error (the mean differences between scanner and tape measure), and Bland-Altman statistics. Results: The 3D Sense scanner provides stumps and body cast model measurements with similar reliability to the tape measure. Reliability coefficients for the 3D scanner are relatively high (ICC). The ICCs all are near 1.0 and SEMs all range from 0.06 to 0.10. The 3D Sense scanner demonstrated excellent validity. There was a significant positive correlation between the 3D scanner and tape measure for both stumps and body cast models measurements (r > 0.850; p < 0.0001). The measurement error between the 3D scanner and tape measure is very low as indicated by mean differences close to zero. Conclusions: This study introduces a low-cost handheld and affordable 3D scanner, which has proven to be a valid and reliable clinical tool in orthotics and prosthetics. This 3D scanner would have extensive and powerful clinical applicability resulting in valid and reliable digital information of body segments for computer-aided design (CAD) of orthotics and prosthetics.

Original Articles

Tongue Strength and Dental Caries in individuals with Down syndrome

Sima Farpour; Hamidreza Farpour; Naghmeh Golriz; Poorya Neshat; Ali Reza Salarinezhad

Volume 7, Issue 1 , March 2020, Pages 15-19

Abstract

Background: The tongue controls the bolus during mastication, keeps the bolus in the oral cavity and generates pressure to direct the bolus through the hypopharynx. A decrease in tongue ... Read More

Original Articles

How intensity of impairment and dose of occupational therapy services impact the outcome in cerebral palsy?

Mohadeseh Balvardi; Saeedeh Pourahmad; Somayeh Kavousipor; Hadi Raeisi Shahraki

Volume 7, Issue 1 , March 2020, Pages 20-24

Abstract

Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of the number of occupational therapy sessions, using the neurodevelopmental technique, (NDT) on gross motor function and ... Read More

Original Articles

The Effects of a Period of Selected Physical Activity on Improving Manipulative and Locomotors Skills of Children with Neuropsychological Learning Disabilities

Amir Dana; Efstathios Christodoulides

Volume 7, Issue 1 , March 2020, Pages 25-30

Abstract

Background: the aim of this research was to investigate the effects of a period of selected physical activity on improving the fundamental skills of manipulation and locomotion in children ... Read More

Original Articles

Phonological Awareness in Non-fluent Preschool Children

Mohammad Ghorbani; Maryam Vahab; Jamal Ahmadi

Volume 7, Issue 1 , March 2020, Pages 31-35

Abstract

Background: The relation between disfluency and aspects of language, including phonology, has been investigated for many years. Whereas past literature reported that the incidence of ... Read More

Original Articles

The effect of 8-weeks Self-Myofascial Release Therapy on Joint Position Sense and dynamic balance in athletes with hamstring shortness

Mohammad Hamzeh Shalamzari; Hooman Minoonejad; Foad Seidi

Volume 7, Issue 1 , March 2020, Pages 36-42

Abstract

Background: Increased joint stability as well as the ability to maintain balance during typical daily activities and exercise is an important factor in improving performance and preventing ... Read More

Case Report

The Study of the Effect of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Therapy in Children with Absent Gag Reflex: A Case Study

Shiva Ebrahimian Dehaghani; Maryam Ebrahimian; Fateme Mohammadianfar

Volume 7, Issue 1 , March 2020, Pages 43-46

Abstract

Research shows that 1% of children experience swallowing difficulties, though the incidence is higher in some, such as those with cerebral palsy and brain injury. One of the causes ... Read More

Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences & Research

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Volume & Issue: Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2020, Pages 1-46

The effects of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis on the factors affecting the respiratory system and its function (A Systematic Review)

Abstract

The Validity and Reliability of a low-cost handheld 3D Scanner for Use in Orthotics and Prosthetics

Abstract

Tongue Strength and Dental Caries in individuals with Down syndrome

Abstract

How intensity of impairment and dose of occupational therapy services impact the outcome in cerebral palsy?

Abstract

The Effects of a Period of Selected Physical Activity on Improving Manipulative and Locomotors Skills of Children with Neuropsychological Learning Disabilities

Abstract

Phonological Awareness in Non-fluent Preschool Children

Abstract

The effect of 8-weeks Self-Myofascial Release Therapy on Joint Position Sense and dynamic balance in athletes with hamstring shortness

Abstract

The Study of the Effect of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Therapy in Children with Absent Gag Reflex: A Case Study

Abstract