Document Type : Case Report

Authors

1 Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

3 Pediatric Developmental Consultant, Shiraz University of Medical School, Shiraz, Iran

4 Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

5 Rehabilitation Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

The first three years of life are a critical period for development. Environmental
stimuli have positive effects on the development of speech and language.
Language skills involve the development of expressive and receptive skills
among children. Speech and language disorders during childhood have
important negative outcomes in the life of the child. Therefore, early detection
of children at risk in the preliminary phases of development and implementing
early intervention for them are very important. In this case study, the effects
of early language intervention in children with a developmental language
disorder (DLD) was investigated. A twenty-seven-month-old child diagnosed
with an autism spectrum disorder )ASD) was evaluated in this case study.
Occupation and speech therapy was performed for him. Results showed that the
early intervention was essential for improving the child’s communication, and
proper environmental stimuli could prevent possible problems in the future. In
addition, the results revealed that child professionals should not adopt a “wait
and see” attitude for improving development.

Keywords

  1. Dale PS, Patterson JL. Early identification of language delay. Encyclopedia on early childhood development. published online. 2009.
  2. Bornstein MH, Hahn CS, Putnick DL, Pearson RM. Stability of core language skill from infancy to adolescence in typical and atypical development. Sci Adv. 2018;4(11).
  3. Rogers CR, Nulty KL, Betancourt MA, DeThorne LS. Causal effects on child language development: A review of studies in communication sciences and disorders. J Commun Disord. 2015; 57:3–15.
  4. Ramey CT, Ramey SL. Early intervention and early experience. American psychologist. 1998; 53 (2): 109-120.
  5. Sinno D, Sharafoddin L, Mikati M. Enhancing early child development: a handbook for clinicians: translate by Tavassoli M, Monzavi MM, Zafari F, Heidarabadi S. Andishe mandegar publisher. 2013. 
  6. Ellis EM, Thal DJ. Early language delay and risk for language impairment. Perspectives on Language Learning and Education. 2008; 15 (3): 93-100.
  7. Robertson SB, Weismer SE. effects of treatment on linguistic and social skills in toddlers with delayed language development. Speech Lang Hear. 1999; 42 (5): 1234-1248.
  8. Rauh VA, Achenbach TM, Nurcombe B, Howell CT, Teti DM. Minimizing adverse effects of low birthweight: four-year results of an early intervention program. Child development. 1988; 59: 544-553.
  9. Bleile K. Miller S. infants and toddlers. Articulatory and phonological disorders in special population. New York: Thieme. 1993.
  10. Blair C, Ramey CT. Early intervention for low bitrh wight infants and the path to second-generation research. The effectiveness early intervention. Baltimore, Paul Brooks. 1997; 77-97.
  11. McCormick MC, Brooks-Gunn J, Buka SL, Goldman J, Yu J. Early intervention in low birth weight premature infants: results at 18 years of age for the infant health and development program. Pediatrics. 2006; 117(3): 771-780.
  12. Bzoch K, League R. Receptive-Expressive Emergent language scale. Gainesville: The three of life press, Inc. 1971.
  13. Robins DL, Casagrande K, Barton M, Chen CM, Dumont-Mathieu T, Fein D. Validation of the modified checklist for autism in toddlers, revised with follow-up (M-CHAT-R/F). Pediatrics. 2014; 133(1):37-45.
  14. Schonhaut L, Armijo I, Schönstedt M, Alvarez J, Cordero M. Validity of the ages and stages questionnaires in term and preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2013; 131(5):e1468-e74.
  15. McCauley RJ, Fey ME, Gillam RB, editors. Treatment of language sorders in children. Paul H. Brookes Pub.; 2006.
  16. Soleimani F, Azari N, Kraskian-Mojembari A,  Vameghi R,  Shahshahani-Pour S,  Sajedi Developing of the Persian version of Bayley scales of infant and toddler’s development screening test and determine its validity and reliability. Archives of Rehabilitation. 2014; 14 (6): 18-29.
  17. Buschmann A,  Jooss B,  Rupp A, Feldhusen F, Pietz J, Philippi Parent based language intervention for 2-year-old children with specific expressive language delay: a rendomised controlled trial. Arch Dis Child. 2009; 94 (2): 110-116.
  18. Roberts MY, Kaiser AP. The effectiveness of parent-implemented language interventions: A meta-analysis. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2011; 20(3): 180–199.
  19. Chow JC, Wehby JH. Associations between language and problem behavior: A systematic review and correlational meta-analysis. Educational psychology review. 2018; 30 (1): 61-82.
  20. Benasich AA, Curtiss S, Tallal P. Language, learning, and behavioral disturbances in childhood: A longitudinal perspective. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1993; 32(3):585-94.
  21. Qi C.H, Kaiser AP. Problem behaviors of low-income children with language delays. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2004; 47 (3): 595.
  22. Hollo A, Wehby JH, Oliver RM. Unidentified language deficits in children with emotional and behavioral disorders: A meta-analysis. Exceptional children. 2014; 80 (2): 169-186.
  23. Girolametto LE, Pearce PS, Weitzman E. Interactive focused stimulation for toddlers with expressive vocabulary delays. J Speech Lang Hear Res 1996; 39: 1274–84.