Document Type : Original Articles
Authors
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Teharan, Iran
Abstract
Background and objectives: Scapular stabilization and neuromuscular control provide an important parameter to characterize shoulder function during dynamic activities. Many studies have confirmed the effect of the loading on scapular position and scapulohumeral rhythm. Therefore, the evaluation of stabilizer muscles involvement in scapular asymmetry may assist in the development of clinical examination and rehabilitation program. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of loading on dynamic stability and scapular asymmetry in basketball players.Methods: Thirty healthy male basketball players aged between 20 to 31 years old were tested. The linear distance between scapular inferior angle and T7 spinous process was measured using a caliper in 90 degrees of unloaded scaption and with 1, 2 and 4 kg loading. The difference of distances of two sides in the above 4 positions was analyzed.Results: The amount of distances difference in two sides with 1 kg loading was minimal (9.36mm). This difference increased to 10.19 mm and 12.22 mm, with increasing the loading to 2 and 4 kg respectively; although the 4 positions of the test did not show significant differences in distances difference (p>0.05).Conclusion: This study shows that dynamic stability of the scapula is dependent on the role of muscles, so that with increasing load on the muscles, the scapular asymmetry is more pronounced.
Keywords
- Oyama S, Myers JB, Wassinger CA, Ricci D, Lephart SM.
- Asymmetric resting scapular posture in healthy overhead athletes. J Athl Training 2008; 43: 565â70.
- Burkhart SS, Morgan CD, Kibler WB. The disabled throwing shoulder: spectrum of pathology. Part III: The SICK scapula, scapular dyskinesis, the kinetic chain, and rehabilitation. Arthroscopy 2003; 19: 641â61.
- Kon Y, Nishinaka N, Gamada K, Tsutsui H, Banks SA. The influence of handheld weight on the scapulohumeral rhythm. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2008; 17: 943-46.
- Forte FC, Castro MP, Toledo JM, Ribeiro DC, Loss JF. Scapular kinematics and scapulohumeral rhythm during resisted shoulder abductionâImplications for clinical practice. Phys Ther in Sport 2009; 1-7.
- Forthomme B, Crielaard JM, Croisier JL. Scapular Positioning in Athleteâs Shoulder. Sports Med 2008; 38: 369-86.
- Costa BR, Olivo SA, Gadotti I, Warren S, Reid DC, Magee DJ. Reliability of scapular positioning measurement procedure using the Palpation Meter (PALM). Physiother 2010; 96: 59â67.
- Azarsa MH, Shadmehr A, Maroufi N, Bagheri H, Jalaei Sh, Mir M. Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of lateral scapular slide test in the scaption in healthy athlete men. Koomesh J 2013; 14: 447-54.
- Teys P, Bisset L, Vicenzino B. The initial effects of a Mulliganâs mobilization with movement technique on range of movement and pressure pain threshold in pain-limited shoulders. Man Ther 2008; 13: 37â42.
- Kibler WB. Role of the scapula in the overhead throwing motion. Contemp Orthop 1991; 22: 525â32.
- Diveta J, Walker ML, Skibinski B. Relationship between performance of selected scapular muscles and scapular abduction in standing subjects. Phys Ther 1990; 70: 470â76.
- Decker MJ, Hintermeister RA, Faber KJ, Hawkins RJ. Serratus anterior muscle activity during selected rehabilitation exercises Am J Sports Med 2002; 30: 374â81.
- Gibson MH, Goebel GV, Jordan TM, Kegerries S, Worrell TW. A reliability study of measurement techniques to determine static scapular position. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1995; 21: 100-6.
)