Document Type : Literature Reviews
Authors
- Leila Abbasi 1, 2
- Zahra Rojhani Shirazi 1, 2
- Ghazal Roshdi 3
- Mohsen Razeghi 1, 2
- Alireza Motealleh 1, 2
1 Physical Therapy Department, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
2 Rehabilitation Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
3 Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Abstract
Background: This article aims to investigate the possibility of adapting the spinal circuits and the spinal cord in response to various eccentric, concentric, isometric, balance, and skill exercises, whether these changes are permanent or temporary.
Methods: A narrative review of studies conducted in the field of spinal adaptation following exercise training in Google scholar, Pedro, PubMed, Science direct, Cochrane, Scopus, SID databases in the period of 2000 to 2020 with the keywords: neural adaptation, spinal adaptation, exercise training, neuroplasticity, neuro-rehabilitation, spinal plasticity, eccentric training, isometric training, and concentric training was done. An effort was made to identify and examine research linked to exercise treatment and physiotherapy in healthy and sick persons from among the different studies in this topic. Results: from 35 recruited articles, 12 articles were critically reviewed and reported in two contents: 1-Spinal adaptation and balance exercises -2- Spinal adaptation and isometric, concentric, and eccentric exercises
Conclusion: From this review, it can be concluded that the spinal network is fully adaptable, and the manner of this adaptation is completely dependent on training and motor function. The possibility and need of therapeutic application of the spinal plasticity phenomenon in the rehabilitation program of persons with neurological diseases such as stroke are underlined in people with neurological pathologies such as stroke.
Keywords
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- Adkins, D.L., et al., Motor training induces experience-specific patterns of plasticity across motor cortex and spinal cord. J Appl Physiol, 2006.
- Aagaard, P., et al., Neural adaptation to resistance training: changes in evoked V-wave and H-reflex responses. J Appl Physiol, 2002. 92(6): p. 2309-2318.
- Gruber, M., et al., Training-specific adaptations of H-and stretch reflexes in human soleus muscle. J Mot Behav, 2007. 39(1): p. 68-78.
- Christiansen, L., et al., How plastic are human spinal cord motor circuitries? Exp Brain Res, 2017. 235(11): p. 3243-3249.
- Schubert, M., et al., Balance training and ballistic strength training are associated with task‐specific corticospinal adaptations. Eur J Neurosci, 2008. 27(8): p. 2007-2018.
- Taube, W., M. Gruber, and A. Gollhofer, Spinal and supraspinal adaptations associated with balance training and their functional relevance. ActaPhysio, 2008. 193(2): p. 101-116.
- Tahayori, B. and D.M. Koceja, Activity-dependent plasticity of spinal circuits in the developing and mature spinal cord. NeuralPlast, 2012. 2012.
- Aagaard, P., Spinal and supraspinal control of motor function during maximal eccentric muscle contraction: Effects of resistance training.
J Sport Health Sci, 2018. 7(3): p. 282-293. - Jessop, T., et al., Short-term plasticity of human spinal inhibitory circuits after isometric and isotonic ankle training. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2013. 113(2): p. 273-284.
- Duclay, J., et al., Spinal reflex plasticity during maximal dynamic contractions after eccentric training. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2008. 40(4): p. 722-734.
- Vangsgaard, S., et al., Changes in H reflex and neuromechanical properties of the trapezius muscle after 5 weeks of eccentric training: a randomized controlled trial. J Appl Physiol 2014. 116(12): p. 1623-1631.
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