Document Type : Original Articles
Authors
1 Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Occupational Therapy, School of rehabilitation, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
4 Department Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. hossein_abd54@yahoo.com. ORCID: 0000-0002-1038-0778
5 Department of Occupational Therapy, Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Background:Cerebral Palsy (CP) describes a group of permanent disorders of the development and posture, causing activity limitation. More than half of the children with CP experience various upper extremity problems with varying severity. Considering the importance of knowing the ability of children under 4 years old the aim of this study was to determine prepare Persian version mini-Manual Ability Classification System (mini-MACS) and evaluating its validity and reliability.
Methods In a methodological study, after translation procedures, the face validity, content validity, test–retest reliability and interrater reliability of the Persian version of mini-MACS were evaluated. In total, 100 parents of children with cerebral palsy, 12 occupational therapists and a researcher participated in the evaluation of the scale’s reliability. Fifty six boys and 44 girls with cerebral palsy with an average age of 33.21 (SD=11.37) month participated in the study.
Results The overall results indicated that the words and sentences used in mini-MACS were simple, clear, understandable, relevant and necessary. The ICC for test–retest reliability for parents, occupational therapists and researchers were 0.955, 0.979 and 0.943, respectively. The interrater reliability coefficient between parents and occupational therapists was 0.939, between parents and researcher was 0.954, and between occupational therapists and researcher was 0.922.
Conclusion:The Persian version of mini-MACS seems to be valid and reliable. This system could be used to evaluate children with cerebral palsy.
Keywords
- Sankar C, Mundkur N. Cerebral palsy-definition, classification, etiology and early diagnosis. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 2005;72(10):865-8.
- Odding E, Roebroeck ME, Stam HJ. The epidemiology of cerebral palsy: incidence, impairments and risk factors. Disability and rehabilitation. 2006;28(4):183-91.
- Linden P, Siebens A. Dysphagia: predicting laryngeal penetration. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1983;64(6):281-4.
- Rogers B. Feeding method and health outcomes of children with cerebral palsy. The Journal of pediatrics. 2004;145(2):S28-S32.
- Arnould C, Penta M, Thonnard J-L. Hand impairments and their relationship with manual ability in children with cerebral palsy. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2008;39(9):708-14.
- Hanna SE, Law MC, Rosenbaum PL, King GA, Walter SD, Pollock N, et al. Development of hand function among children with cerebral palsy: growth curve analysis for ages 16 to 70 months. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 2003;45(07):448-55.
- Soleimani F, Vameghi R, Rassafiani M, AKBAR FN, Nobakht Z. Cerebral palsy: motor types, gross motor function and associated disorders. 2011.
- Steenbergen B, Charles J, Gordon AM. Fingertip force control during bimanual object lifting in hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Experimental Brain Research. 2008;186(2):191-201.
- Wesdock KA, Kott K, Sharps C. Pre-and postsurgical evaluation of hand function in hemiplegic cerebral palsy: exemplar cases. Journal of Hand Therapy. 2008;21(4):386-97.
- S L. Treatment of cerebral palsy and motor delay. united kingdom: Chichester; 2010.
- smith c. occupational therapy for children. 6 ed: ST; 2006.
- Beckung E, Hagberg G. Neuroimpairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 2002;44(5):309-16.
- Kuijper M, Van Der Wilden G, Ketelaar M, Gorter J. Manual ability classification system for children with cerebral palsy in a school setting and its relationship to home self-care activities. American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2010;64(4):614-20.
- McConnell K, Johnston L, Kerr CJDM, Neurology C. Upper limb function and deformity in cerebral palsy: a review of classification systems. 2011;53(9):799-805.
- Gray L, Ng H, Bartlett D. The gross motor function classification system: an update on impact and clinical utility. Pediatric physical therapy. 2010;22(3):315-20.
- Eliasson A-C, Krumlinde-Sundholm L, Rösblad B, Beckung E, Arner M, Öhrvall A-M, et al. The Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) for children with cerebral palsy: scale development and evidence of validity and reliability. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 2006;48(07):549-54.
- Hidecker MJC, Paneth N, Rosenbaum PL, Kent RD, Lillie J, Eulenberg JB, et al. Communication Function Classification System. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology.
- Baranello G, Signorini S, Tinelli F, Guzzetta A, Pagliano E, Rossi A, et al. Visual Function Classification System for children with cerebral palsy: development and validation. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 2020;62(1):104-10.
- Paulson A, Vargus-Adams JJC. Overview of four functional classification systems commonly used in cerebral palsy. 2017;4(4):30.
- Eliasson AC, Ullenhag A, Wahlström U, Krumlinde‐Sundholm L. Mini‐MACS: development of the Manual Ability Classification System for children younger than 4 years of age with signs of cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 2016.
- Szklo M, Nieto FJ, Miller D. Epidemiology: beyond the basics. Oxford University Press; 2001.
- Bhattacherjee A. Social science research: principles, methods, and practices. 2012.
- Szklo M, Nieto J. Epidemiology: Jones & Bartlett Publishers; 2014.
- Bullinger M, Alonso J, Apolone G, Leplège A, Sullivan M, Wood-Dauphinee S, et al. Translating health status questionnaires and evaluating their quality: The IQOLA project approach. Journal of clinical epidemiology. 1998;51(11):913-23.
- Fletcher RH, Fletcher SW, Fletcher GS. Clinical epidemiology: the essentials: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012.
- Soleymani Z, Joveini G, Baghestani AR. The Communication Function Classification System: Cultural Adaptation, Validity, and Reliability of the Farsi Version for Patients With Cerebral Palsy. Pediatric neurology. 2015;52(3):333-7.
- Riyahi A, Rassafiani M, AkbarFahimi N, Sahaf R, Yazdani F. Cross-cultural validation of the Persian version of the Manual Ability Classification System for children with cerebral palsy. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation. 2013;20(1):19-24.
- Dutil É, Bottari C, Auger C. Test-retest reliability of a measure of independence in everyday activities: The ADL profile. Occupational therapy international. 2017;2017.
- Nobakht Z, Sourtigi H, Rassafiani M. Translation, cultural adaptation, validity and reliability of a test: Factors influencing researcher decisions. The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2015;4(4):173-83.
- Skoutelis VC, Mastronikola N, Dinopoulos A, Skouteli E, Dimitriadis Z, Bakalidou D. The Greek Version of Mini-Manual Ability Classification System (Mini-MACS): Translation and Reliability Study. Cureus. 2022;14(10).
- Shojaee M, Zarei MA, Mehraban AHJMEJoR, Studies H. Translation, face and content validity of the persian version of school function assessment. 2017;4(4).
- Waltz CF, Bausell BR. Nursing research: design statistics and computer analysis: Davis Fa; 1981.
- Kai L, Wei S, Chun Z, Yan-na W. Reliability and validity of Chinese version of Mini Manual Ability Classification System for Cerebral Palsy (Fudan). Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Pediatrics. 2017;12(6):410.
)