Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

1 Department of sport injury and corrective exercise, Faculty of sport sciences, university of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.

2 Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University

Abstract

Background: Jumping and landing are common activities in soccer that are often reported in connection with anterior cruciate ligament injury. As most injuries occur during fatigue, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of fatigue on the component of time to stability (TTS) during landing between healthy soccer players and soccer players who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study included 24 professional soccer players who were divided into control and experimental groups. Twelve active professional soccer players (control group) and 12 soccer players with 6-24 months of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring graft (experimental group) participated in this study. Athletes jumped and landed on the obstacle to a height of 7.5 cm. After the fatigue protocol, these movements were repeated. TTS data was collected using force plate. MANOVA test at the significant level of p <0.05 was used to compare pre-test and post-test data between the groups.
Results: According to the results of this study, fatigue did not affect the time to stability in any of the anterior-posterior (p=0.104), internal-external (p=0.668), or vertical components (p=0.894) between the two groups, and fatigue could not make a significant difference between the two groups. Moreover, before fatigue, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in any of the components.
Conclusion: It seems that a plyometric fatigue training session will not be effective in differentiating between healthy soccer players and soccer players who have had anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
 

Keywords

  1. Ribeiro F, Oliveira J. Effect of physical exercise and age on knee joint position sense. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics. 2010;51(1):64-7.
  2. Krosshaug T, Nakamae A, Boden BP, Engebretsen L, Smith G, Slauterbeck JR, et al. Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury in basketball: video analysis of 39 cases. The American journal of sports medicine. 2007;35(3):359-67.
  3. Patterson MR, Delahunt E. A diagonal landing task to assess dynamic postural stability in ACL reconstructed females. The Knee. 2013;20(6):532-6.
  4. Sandon A, Engström B, Forssblad M. High risk of further ACL injury in a 10-year follow-up study of ACL-reconstructed soccer players in the Swedish National Knee Ligament Registry. Arthroscopy. 2019.
  5. Waldén M, Hägglund M, Magnusson H, Ekstrand J. ACL injuries in men's professional football: a 15-year prospective study on time trends and return-to-play rates reveals only 65% of players still play at the top level 3 years after ACL rupture. British journal of sports medicine. 2016;50(12):744-50.
  6. Shelbourne KD, Gray T, Haro M. Incidence of subsequent injury to either knee within 5 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon autograft. The American journal of sports medicine. 2009;37(2):246-51.
  7. Hrysomallis C. Relationship between balance ability, training and sports injury risk. Sports medicine. 2007;37(6):547-56.
  8. Sundaram B, Doshi M, Pandian JS. Postural stability during seven different standing tasks in persons with chronic low back pain–A cross-sectional study. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther. 2012;6(2):22-7.
  9. Webster KA, Gribble PA. Time to stabilization of anterior cruciate ligament–reconstructed versus healthy knees in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female athletes. Journal of athletic training. 2010;45(6):580-5.
  10. Ross SE, Guskiewicz KM. Time to stabilization: a method for analyzing dynamic postural stability. International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training. 2003;8(3):37-9.
  11. Kunugi S, Masunari A, Yoshida N, Miyakawa S. Association between Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool score and postural stability in collegiate soccer players with and without functional ankle instability. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2018;32:29-33.
  12. Colby SM, Hintermeister RA, Torry MR, Steadman JR. Lower limb stability with ACL impairment. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 1999;29(8):444-54.
  13. Shelbourne KD, Sullivan AN, Bohard K, Gray T, Urch SE. Return to basketball and soccer after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in competitive school-aged athletes. Sports Health. 2009;1(3):236-41.
  14. Myer GD, Ford KR, Hewett TE. The effects of gender on quadriceps muscle activation strategies during a maneuver that mimics a high ACL injury risk position. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 2005;15(2):181-9.
  15. Kernozek TW, Torry MR, Iwasaki M. Gender differences in lower extremity landing mechanics caused by neuromuscular fatigue. The American journal of sports medicine. 2008;36(3):554-65.
  16. Gustavsson A, Neeter C, Thomeé P, Silbernagel KG, Augustsson J, Thomeé R, et al. A test battery for evaluating hop performance in patients with an ACL injury and patients who have undergone ACL reconstruction. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy. 2006;14(8):778-88.
  17. McHugh MP, Tyler TF, Mirabella MR, Mullaney MJ, Nicholas SJ. The effectiveness of a balance training intervention in reducing the incidence of noncontact ankle sprains in high school football players. The American journal of sports medicine. 2007;35(8):1289-94.
  18. Butler R, Russell M, Queen R. Effect of soccer footwear on landing mechanics. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2014;24(1):129-35.
  19. Webster KE, Santamaria LJ, McClelland JA, Feller JA. Effect of fatigue on landing biomechanics after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2012;44(5):910-6.
  20. Liu K, Heise GD. The effect of jump-landing directions on dynamic stability. Journal of applied biomechanics. 2013;29(5):634-8.
  21. Lessi GC, Silva RS, Serrão FV. Comparison of the effects of fatigue on kinematics and muscle activation between men and women after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2018;31:29-34.
  22. Brazen DM, Todd MK, Ambegaonkar JP, Wunderlich R, Peterson C. The effect of fatigue on landing biomechanics in single-leg drop landings. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 2010;20(4):286-92.
  23. Malmir K, Olyaei GR, Talebian S, Jamshidi AA, Ganguie MA. Effects of peroneal muscles fatigue on dynamic stability following lateral hop landing: time to stabilization versus dynamic postural stability index. Journal of sport rehabilitation. 2019 Jan 1;28(1):17-23.
  24. Kunugi S, Masunari A, Yoshida N, Miyakawa S. Association between Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool score and postural stability in collegiate soccer players with and without functional ankle instability. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2018;32:29-33.
  25. Gribble PA, Robinson RH. Alterations in knee kinematics and dynamic stability associated with chronic ankle instability. Journal of athletic training. 2009;44(4):350
  26. Ross SE, Guskiewicz KM, Yu B. Single-leg jump-landing stabilization times in subjects with functionally unstable ankles. Journal of athletic training. 2005;40(4):298
  27. Oberländer KD, Brüggemann G-P, Höher J, Karamanidis K. Reduced knee joint moment in ACL deficient patients at a cost of dynamic stability during landing. Journal of biomechanics. 2012;45(8):1387-92.
  28. Wikstrom EA, Tillman MD, Chmielewski TL, Cauraugh JH, Borsa PA. Dynamic postural stability deficits in subjects with self-reported ankle instability. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2007;39(3):397.
  29. Webster KA, Gribble PA. Time to stabilization of anterior cruciate ligament–reconstructed versus healthy knees in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female athletes. Journal of athletic training. 2010;45(6):580-5.
  30. Ross SE, Guskiewicz KM, Gross MT, Yu B. Assessment tools for identifying functional limitations associated with functional ankle instability. Journal of athletic training. 2008;43(1):44-50.
  31. Meardon S, Klusendorf A, Kernozek T. Influence of injury on dynamic postural control in runners. International journal of sports physical therapy. 2016;11(3):366.
  32. Mejane J, Faubert J, Romeas T, Labbe DR. The combined impact of a perceptual–cognitive task and neuromuscular fatigue on knee biomechanics during landing. The Knee. 2019;26(1):52-60.
  33. Bourne MN, Webster KE, Hewett TE. Is fatigue a risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament rupture? Sports medicine. 2019;49(11):1629-35.
  34. Niu W, Zhang M, Fan Y, Zhao Q. Dynamic postural stability for double-leg drop landing. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2013;31(10):1074-81.
  35. 35. Niemeyer P, Niederer D, Giesche F, Janko M, Frank J, Vogt L, et al. Unanticipated jump-landing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Does unanticipated jump-landing testing deliver additional return to sport information to traditional jump performance tests? Clinical Biomechanics. 2019;70:72-9.