Document Type : Original Articles
Authors
1 Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
2 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
3 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
4 Department of Orthotics & Prosthetics, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
5 Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Abstract
Background: Patients with foot drop may need compensatory mechanisms to improve their gait. Although several gait analysis parameters have been studied in these individuals, no prior research has examined their joint contact force. Thus, this study investigated multiple gait analysis parameters and the joint contact force in patients with foot drop.
Methods: This experimental study recruited twenty individuals aged 15 to 60 (mean value 56.4 ± 3.68) with foot drop disorders. A control group was also matched with the first group based on age, height, and gender. The participants were instructed to walk along a 12-meter path. A motion analysis system with eight high-speed cameras and a Kistler force plate was used. During gait analysis, various parameters were measured, such as spatiotemporal, peak forces applied on the leg, range of motions, moments applied on the lower limbs, and joint contact forces.
Results: The mean values of stride length and speed for normal subjects were 1.32±0.2 m and 1.24 ± 0.177 m/s, respectively, compared to 0.961±0.24 m and 0.686 ± 0.25 m/s for foot drop subjects (p-value = 0.00). The joint contact force components of the ankle joint increased significantly in foot drop subjects compared to normal subjects.
Conclusion: The joint contact forces of the ankle joint increased significantly in foot drop patients, which should be considered in the rehabilitation treatment of these patients.
Highlights
Mohammad Taghi Karimi:googel scholar
Mohammad Amin Vafaei:googel scholar
Keywords
- Bhadane-Deshpande M. Towards a shape memory alloy based variable stiffness ankle foot orthosis: The University of Toledo; 2012.
- Stewart JD. Foot drop: where, why and what to do? Practical neurology. 2008;8(3):158-69.
- Simonsen EB, Moesby LM, Hansen LD, Comins J, Alkjaer T. Redistribution of joint moments during walking in patients with drop-foot. Clinical Biomechanics. 2010;25(9):949-52.
- Wiszomirska I, Błażkiewicz M, Kaczmarczyk K, Brzuszkiewicz-Kuźmicka G, Wit A. Effect of drop foot on spatiotemporal, kinematic, and kinetic parameters during gait. Applied bionics and biomechanics. 2017;2017.
- Bidabadi SS, Murray I, Lee GYF, Morris S, Tan T. Classification of foot drop gait characteristic due to lumbar radiculopathy using machine learning algorithms. Gait & posture. 2019;71:234-40.
- Deberg L, Taheri Andani M, Hosseinipour M, Elahinia M. An SMA passive ankle foot orthosis: Design, modeling, and experimental evaluation. Smart Materials Research. 2014;2014.
- Carolus A, Mesbah D, Brenke C. Focusing on foot drop: Results from a patient survey and clinical examination. The Foot. 2021;46:101693.
- Don R, Serrao M, Vinci P, Ranavolo A, Cacchio A, Ioppolo F, et al. Foot drop and plantar flexion failure determine different gait strategies in Charcot-Marie-Tooth patients. Clinical biomechanics. 2007;22(8):905-16.
- Hwang S, Kim J, Yi J, Tae K, Ryu K, Kim Y, editors. Development of an active ankle foot orthosis for the prevention of foot drop and toe drag. 2006 International Conference on Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering; 2006: IEEE.
- Simonsen E, Dyhre‐Poulsen P, Voigt M, Aagaard P, Fallentins N. Mechanisms contributing to different joint moments observed during human walking. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 1997;7(1):1-13.
- Simonsen E, Dyhre-Poulsen P, Voigt M, Aagaard P, Sjøgaard G, Bojsen-Møller F. Bone-on-bone forces during loaded and unloaded walking. Cells Tissues Organs. 1995;152(2):133-42.
- Kim HJ, Fernandez JW, Akbarshahi M, Walter JP, Fregly BJ, Pandy MG. Evaluation of predicted knee‐joint muscle forces during gait using an instrumented knee implant. Journal of orthopaedic research. 2009;27(10):1326-31.
- Yazdani F, Razeghi M, Karimi MT, Salimi Bani M, Bahreinizad H. Foot hyperpronation alters lumbopelvic muscle function during the stance phase of gait. Gait & posture. 2019;74:102-7.
- Karimi MT, Hemmati F, Mardani MA, Sharifmoradi K, Hosseini SI, Fadayevatan R, et al. Determination of the correlation between muscle forces obtained from OpenSim and muscle activities obtained from electromyography in the elderly. Physical and engineering sciences in medicine. 2021;44(1):243-51.
- Kavyani M, Akbari Aghdam H, Rezaie MR, Taghi Karimi M. Evaluation of Joint Contact Forces in Subjects with Knee Osteoarthritis. Muscles, Ligaments & Tendons Journal (MLTJ). 2022;12(2).
- Błażkiewicz M, Wiszomirska I, Kaczmarczyk K, Brzuszkiewicz-Kuźmicka G, Wit A. Mechanisms of compensation in the gait of patients with drop foot. Clinical Biomechanics. 2017;42:14-9.
- Wang Y, Mukaino M, Ohtsuka K, Otaka Y, Tanikawa H, Matsuda F, et al. Gait characteristics of post-stroke hemiparetic patients with different walking speeds. International journal of rehabilitation research Internationale Zeitschrift fur Rehabilitationsforschung Revue internationale de recherches de readaptation. 2020;43(1):69-75.
- Olney SJ, Richards C. Hemiparetic gait following stroke. Part I: Characteristics. Gait & posture. 1996;4(2):136-48.
- Chen G, Patten C, Kothari DH, Zajac FE. Gait differences between individuals with post-stroke hemiparesis and non-disabled controls at matched speeds. Gait & posture. 2005;22(1):51-6.
- Kim CM, Eng JJ. Magnitude and pattern of 3D kinematic and kinetic gait profiles in persons with stroke: relationship to walking speed. Gait & posture. 2004;20(2):140-6.
)