eng
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences & Research
2345-6167
2345-6159
2019-09-01
6
3
103
108
10.30476/jrsr.2019.81223.
45429
The Relationship Between Working Memory and Acquisition of Mathematical Strategies in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Review of Literature
Sanaz Tajadini
tajaddini28@gmail.com
1
Hamidreza Farpour
farporh@gmail.com
2
Sima Farpour
sima1359@yahoo.com
3
Department of Foreign Languages and Linguistics, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Shiraz Geriatric Research Center, Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Background: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is defined as non-progressive brain damage attributed to limitation in mobility, learning, language, and communication. The high prevalence of low academic achievement in learning mathematics in CP cases is related, in part, to multifactorial influences; working memory may be one of the factors which can be related to arithmetic attainment. The purpose of this article was to review the relationship of working memory with mathematical performance in children with CP. Methods: In this Review of literature article, Five English search engines (Pubmed, Scopus, Science direct, EMBASE, and Central) were used with key words, “cerebral palsy, arithmetic, mathematical performance, and working memory”. The inclusion criteria were English relevant articles in which participants had CP and both mathematical abilities and working memory were assessed. Results: A total of 103 articles were screened. Twenty-five potentially relevant titles or abstracts were identified. Based on inclusion criteria, only 7 articles were found. Conclusion:Given the high risk of mathematical learning difficulties in children with CP, information about mathematical skills and the role of working memory on the different components of mathematical strategies is limited. Further research should be carried out to investigate this issue. The findings in this study showed the relationship between working memory and the difficulties with mathematical and numerical learning of CP cases.
https://jrsr.sums.ac.ir/article_45429_b3de06fcac923eb1892c67826a49a791.pdf
cerebral palsy
Cognition
Memory
mathematics
eng
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences & Research
2345-6167
2345-6159
2019-09-01
6
3
109
116
10.30476/jrsr.2019.75405.
44855
Original Articles
Design and Fabrication of an Active Knee Orthosis for Rehabilitation of lower limbs
Mohammad Amin Iravani Rad
amin.iravani_2010@yahoo.com
1
Ali Mokhtarian
alimokhtarian@gmail.com
2
Mohammad Taghi Karimi
mohammad.karimi.bioengineering@gmail.com
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr Branch, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr Branch, Isfahan, Iran.
Orthotics and Prosthetics Department, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Background: The main objective of this study is to design and produce a two-link active knee orthosis with 2 degrees of freedom to rehabilitate patients’ lower extremities in moving their feet. This study aimed to provide motor independence in patients with cerebrospinal cord injury, quadriceps and knee joint injuries in athletes, and deviation of the quadriceps angle in the elderly.Methods: The current research is an experimental method. We have tried, while eliminating a physiotherapist, to enable movement modification of organs that suffer from dynamics poverty and ensure an improved movement for injured organs. In order to reduce external fluctuations and turbulences and determine orthosis opening and closing angle, a DC motor with a helical gearbox and a PID controller was used. In addition, an Arduino microcontroller and a potentiometer were used for processing and angle determination, respectively, to provide minimum wiring and maximum accuracy and performance for the proposed orthosis.Results: In order to verify the mechanical parts of the proposed orthosis, three tests were performed with different angles without charging the orthosis.Conclusion: Results showed that the proposed orthosis admissibly tracked intended angles and had a proper weight and volume to provide safety and comfort for the foot and knee joint.
https://jrsr.sums.ac.ir/article_44855_21a11f92f9628ffde1cfc5539d6059bb.pdf
Active Orthosis
Rehabilitation
Lower Extremities
Cerebrospinal Injury
PID controller
Design and Test
Arduino
eng
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences & Research
2345-6167
2345-6159
2019-09-01
6
3
117
122
10.30476/jrsr.2019.81226.
45336
Original Articles
The Association between Spatiotemporal Gait Asymmetry and Walking Balance in People Post Stroke
Mania Sheikh
maniashaikh@gmail.com
1
Hossein asghar Hosseini
hosseiniha@mums.ac.ir
2
Department of Physical Therapy, School of Paramedical Sciences, Campus of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Physical Therapy, School of Paramedical Sciences, Campus of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Background: Falls are a common complication post-stroke and often induce due to poor balance. Given that falls often occur during walking, it is possible that gait patterns influence balance during walking. Walking post-stroke is frequently spatiotemporally asymmetric, which may reduce walking balance. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between gait asymmetry and walking balance in persons with chronic stroke. Methods: Fifty-four persons with chronic stroke (34 men and 20 women) with the mean age of 57.28 participated in this cross-sectional study.Participants walked at their self-selected speed to calculate gait asymmetry ratios for stance time, swing time, and step length. The data were collected using a conventional camera with a sampling frequency of 60 Hz. Reflective markers were attached to the heel and toe regions. Participants also performed walking balance tests including Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) and Mini Balance Evaluation System Test (Mini-BESTest). Pearson correlation test was used to determine the relationships between gait asymmetry and walking balance. Results: The mean ± standard deviation values of stance, swing and step asymmetry ratios and FGA and Mini-BESTest were 1.2 ± 0.11, 1.43 ± 0.24, 1.25 ± 0.15, 24.11 ± 2.93 and 22.87 ± 2.29, respectively. Increased FGA and Mini-BESTest scores were related to decreased swing (r = -0.64, P ≤ 0.001 and, r = -0.71, P ≤ 0.0001, respectively) and step asymmetry (r = -0.41, P ≤ 0.002 and, r = -0.51, P ≤ 0.001, respectively). No significant relationship was identified between FGA, and Mini-BESTest and stance asymmetry (r = -0.25, P ≤ 0.06 and r = -0.23, P ≤ 0.08 respectively). Conclusion: According to the current results spatiotemporal gait asymmetry may be related to decreased balance during walking in individuals with chronic stroke suggesting that rehabilitation interventions should focus specifically on ameliorating spatiotemporal gait asymmetry.
https://jrsr.sums.ac.ir/article_45336_87d2d3d97cce80ec0b614571a186d0ed.pdf
Stroke
Postural Balance
Walking
Rehabilitation
eng
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences & Research
2345-6167
2345-6159
2019-09-01
6
3
123
129
10.30476/jrsr.2019.81543.1001
45430
Original Articles
Assessment of balance recovery strategies during manipulation of somatosensory, vision, and vestibular system in healthy and blind Women
Asma Salari
studentsalari@yahoo.com
1
Mansour Sahebozamani
sahebozamani@yahoo.com
2
Abdolhamid Daneshjoo
daneshjoo.hamid@gmail.com
3
Fatemeh Karimi Afshar
f.k.afshar@gmail.com
4
Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences. Shahid Bahonar University of kerman, Kerman, Iran
Department of Sport Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Background: Individuals with vision loss are at an increased risk of falls. Understanding what factors contribute to postural instability within this population is a necessary step towards the development of training programs and rehabilitation targeted at reduction of falls in this population. The aim of this study was to assess the balance recovery during manipulation of somatosensory, vision, and vestibular system in healthy and blind persons. Methods: This causal-comparative study, thirty healthy (28.18±0.47 years) and blind (29.22±0.24 years) subjects were selected as samples. Balance recovery strategies in various situations were recorded by six high-speed cameras after sudden movement of a treadmill. Independent T-test test was used for data analysis. Results: The results of this study indicated that the mean of hip and ankle swings in different conditions was significantly higher in the blind group than in the healthy group, both in the anterior-posterior and posterior-anterior disturbances. There was also a significant difference between the ratio of hip/ankle ROM (the dominant strategy for balance recovery) in all situations (p <0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that both healthy and blind groups had different mechanisms and responses for balance recovery after anterior-posterior and posterior-anterior perturbation (the dominant strategy investigated in each position separately). Also, the results showed that blind individuals more resort to hip strategies to maintain their postural stability and prefer to rely on somatosensory information to restore balance as the dominant sensory system.
https://jrsr.sums.ac.ir/article_45430_f9e091eb30b76b5d12c48a415f509a9e.pdf
Perturbation
Blindness
Postural Balance
Sensory systems
eng
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences & Research
2345-6167
2345-6159
2019-09-01
6
3
130
136
10.30476/jrsr.2019.82432.1030
45435
Original Articles
Association between Lower Extremity Kinematics and Muscle Strength, Pain, Physical Activity level, and Functional status in Females with Patellofemoral Pain
Mehrnoosh Amin
mehrnoshamin@gmail.com
1
Fateme Esfandiarpour
fateme@ualberta.ca
2
Farzane Soleimani
soleimani_pt.1391@yahoo.com
3
Zainab Helalat
ze.helalat@yahoo.com
4
Fateme Derisfard
f_derisfard@yahoo.com
5
Sadegh Neurozi
sadeghpt@gmail.com
6
Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Background: Impaired lower extremity kinematics has beenconsidered as a contributing factor to patellofemoral pain (PFP). However, current knowledge about the correlation between lower extremity kinematics and muscle strength is very limited. This study investigated the correlation between lower extremity kinematics and muscle strength, pain, physical activity level, as well as functional status in females with PFP. Methods: Seventy-five females with PFP participated in this analytical cross-sectional study. Lower extremity kinematics, maximal isometric strength of muscles, pain severity, physical activity level, as well as subjective and objective function were assessed using a motion analysis system, a dynamometer, Visual Analog Scale, the International Physical Activity questionnaire, and the Kujala questionnaire and the step-down test, respectively. The hip and knee kinematics were determined during the initial contact and the initial phase of landing. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to establish the correlation between the variables. Results: The knee rotation at the initial contact was significantly correlated with quadriceps strength (r= -0.240, p=0.038) and pain severity (r=0.268, p=0.020). Pain was significantly correlated with hamstring (r= -0.310, p=0.007) and quadriceps strength (r= -0.253, p=0.029) and the Kujala score (r= -0.346, p= 0.002). Conclusion: Our findings do not indicate a strong correlation between muscle strength and joint kinematics in females with PFP. An explanation is the presence of various subgroups of people with PFP. Future studies should focus on evaluating the correlation between the risk factors of PFP in subgroups, classified based on biomechanical, psychosocial, and anatomical characteristics.
https://jrsr.sums.ac.ir/article_45435_b122cdb9a27e8890ed1de42b5645a850.pdf
Kinematics
Muscle strength
knee Injuries
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
eng
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences & Research
2345-6167
2345-6159
2019-09-01
6
3
137
142
10.30476/jrsr.2019.81636.1008
45431
Original Articles
The effect of eight-week aerobic exercises on vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1, intracellular adhesion molecule and body composition of addicts treated with methadone
Farzaneh Taghian
f_taghian@yahoo.com
1
Mahboobeh Zibandepoor
m.zibandepoor@yahoo.com
2
Mohammad Faramarzi
3
Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Sport Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
Background: Drug consumption and addiction lead to serious cardiovascular diseases as well as inflammation. Cellular adhesion molecules are glycoproteins that mediate a leukocyte reaction to inflammation. This study aims to determine the effect of aerobic exercises on some cardiovascular factors in addicts treated with methadone. Methods: This is a semi-experimental research. To conduct this research, 30 male addicted patients treated with methadone with a mean age of 33.53±15.42 years, 70.06±15.42kg weight and 174.8±5.69cm were selected after medical screening and randomly divided into experimental (n=16) and control (n=16) groups. First, the height, weight and body mass index (BMI) of participants in both groups were measured. Blood samples were taken from the subjects in order to measure the intercellular adhesion molecules 1 (sICAM) and cellular vascular adhesion 1 (sVCAM) in serum. The experimental group had an aerobic exercise program including use of a treadmill with a 40 to 50% maximum heart rate in the beginning and then, a 70 to 80% maximum heart rate. The control group had only a follow-up. After 8 weeks, all variables were measured in both groups. Correlated t-test and independent t-test were used for intragroup and intergroup comparisons (P<0.05). Results: Results showed that after 8 weeks aerobic exercises, there was no significant difference in ICAM-1 (p=0.397), VCAM-1 (P=0.521), and BMI (p=0.223). Conclusion: Although 8-weeks aerobic exercise was not effective and sufficient for BMI, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 indicators of the addicts treated with methadone, but it reduced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in the exercise group.
https://jrsr.sums.ac.ir/article_45431_484e4e669beae5fca31c172674a11d0c.pdf
Aerobic exercises
addiction
Opioids
Cell Adhesion Molecules
eng
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences & Research
2345-6167
2345-6159
2019-09-01
6
3
143
147
10.30476/jrsr.2019.75389.
45395
Original Articles
Effect of resistance training and mindfulness on erectile dysfunction in addicts who were quitting addiction
Moslem Safdariyan Dehkordi
moslem0383@gmail.com
1
Rokhsareh Badami
rokhsareh.badami@gmail.com
2
Farzaneh Thaghian
f_taghian@yahoo.com
3
Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan)Branch, Isfahan, Iran
Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
Background: Addiction is one of the greatest problems of human societies, which not only causes social and behavioral disorders but also affects different aspects of health and imposes huge financial loss on individuals, families, and society. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of resistance training and mindfulness on the sexual function of addicted people. Methods: The present study is an experimental research conducted using a pretest-posttest design with a control group. Participants of this study consisted of 50 married men aged 30-45; since their referral to addiction treatment centers in Shahrekord two weeks had passed. They were selected using convenience sampling method and matched based on the age range and history of addiction and divided into four groups of resistance training, mindfulness, combined (resistance training and mindfulness), and control. The resistance and combined training groups participated in resistance training for 8 weeks. The mindfulness and combined training groups participated in mindfulness therapy training for 8 weeks. During this period, the control group performed their daily activities. Before and after the intervention, data were collected using an erectile dysfunction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using covariance. Results: All three types of intervention, including resistance training (P≤0.001), mindfulness training (P≤0.006), and combined training (P≤0.001), lead to the improvement of sexual performance. Additionally, combined training was more effective compared to the other two methods (P≤0.001). Conclusion: In order to improve the sexual performance of addicts, physical exercise and mindfulness training can be used. The simultaneous use of both methods has a greater influence on the improvement of sexual performance due to the addicts benefitting from the effects of two types of intervention.
https://jrsr.sums.ac.ir/article_45395_8bed5a1268ae2114fc417eb8e226f765.pdf
Exercise
Cognitive-behavior Therapy
Sexual behavior
addiction
eng
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences & Research
2345-6167
2345-6159
2019-09-01
6
3
148
152
10.30476/jrsr.2019.83417.1044
45827
Case Report
The Effect of a Corrective Exercise Program on Upper Crossed Syndrome in a Blind Person
Sajad Roshani
s.roshani@urmia.ac.ir
1
MohammadReza Yousefi
m_r_yousefi2000@yahoo.com
2
Zahra Sokhtezari
zahrasokhtezari@yahoo.com
3
Milad Khalil Khodaparast
miladkhalilkhodaparast@yahoo.com
4
Department of Exercise physiology and corrective exercises,Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Department of Sport Sciences, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran.
Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Blindness is one of the most common and important groups of sensory disabilities with physical complications including kyphosis, forward head and round shoulder. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a corrective exercise program on the upper crossed syndrome in a blind person. The patient was a 19-years-old blind congenital male. He referred for abnormalities of the upper quarter trunk. The corrective exercise program was performed for 12 weeks by maintaining a proper posture and sitting posture with the emphasis on the balance of muscles involved in the upper cross syndrome. After the training intervention, kyphosis improved from 45 to 41 degrees, round shoulder from 40 to 48 degrees and forward head from 57 to 40 degrees. Therefore, regular long-term corrective exercises by providing feedback to maintain the correct posture of the body can be improved, and prevent from common blinds deformities.
https://jrsr.sums.ac.ir/article_45827_bf4fae5066b98724b2f8c8ee104e5c27.pdf
Kyphosis
Abnormalities
Blindness
Spine
Exercise therapy